Dupinder Kaur

Background and Methods: The present study is based on histomorphological evaluation in 107 cases of Ovarian neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions received. The gross specimens received were fixed in 10 percent formalin for 24 hours. Gross examination was done carefully examining the outer surface and oncut surface of ovary, looking for any cyst with its content and type of fluid filled inside, any solid area, papillary projections and growth. Study Designed: Observational study. Result: Among 69 non neoplastic lesions, right sided cases found in 34 (49.4%), and left sided lesion found in 22 cases (31.8%). 13 cases (18.8%) of non neoplastic lesions are observed to be bilateral. Like non neoplastic lesions, neoplastic lesions are also found more common on right side (55%) than left (35%), while bilaterality is found in 10% of the cases. Conclusion: The results of present study are comparable to other series of studies regarding occurrence with respect to age, bilaterality, gross features and microscopy. Both non neoplastic and neoplastic lesions were more common in right side. 18% of non neoplastic and 11% of neoplastic lesions were found to be bilateral. Keywords: parity laterality, ovarian & lesions.

Background & Method: Hematological parameters like Hb (haemoglobin), TC (total count), DC (differential count), PCV (packed cell volume), MCV (mean red cell corpuscular volume) done in the automated cell counter and peripheral smear findings were studied. Study Designed: Observational study. Results: Out of 250 cases, 192 i.e. 76.8% cases showed microcytic hypochromic anaemia, 30 cases i.e. 12% had normocytic hypochromic anaemia, 27 cases i.e. 10.6% had normocytic normochromic anaemia and dimorphic anaemia was seen in 02 cases i.e. 0.6% cases. Out of 250 cases, 193 i.e. 77.2% cases showed microcytosis maximally in 0-5 years age group and 57 cases i.e. 22.8% had normocytic picture. The distribution of peripheral smear (RBC size) finding with age varied significantly (p value Conclusion: Iron deficiency is almost universal when dealing with this magnitude of anaemia. However, clinically speaking, many technical experts believe that to differentiate severe anaemia, a screening for other causes is desirable, all males are recommended to be screened. In the present study of pediatric cases 0-5 years age group males were most affected and prevalence was more in males as compared to females and the predominant morphological pattern was microcytic hypochromic anaemia. Keywords: Hematological, CBC smear males & anaemia.

Background & Methods : All cases undergoing FNAC for thyroid swelling during study period were included in the study. The data was collected as per the pre-designed proforma including the general profile, clinical examination, laboratory investigations, USG findings and FNAC observations. Result: In our study we found, correlation between antithyroglobulin antibody levels, 100-500 IU/ml (53), 501-1000 IU/ml (87) & >1000 IU/ml (10). Chi square = 8.2068; p-value= 0.7120 (insignificant). Correlation between T3 levels, Normal (18), Low (24) and High (108). Chi square = 12.3129; p-value= 0.3580 (insignificant). Correlation between T4 levels, Normal (00), Low (24) and High (108). Chi square = 19.9758; p-value= 0.00012 (significant). Correlation between T4 levels, Normal (00), Low (24) and High (108). Chi square = 79.0167; p-value Study Designed: Prospective Observational Study. Conclusion: Antithyroglobulin antibodies may be insignificant statistically, yet they should always be tested for, in order to establish a better understanding of the cases. The ATG levels should be kept in mind before prescribing a treatment regime for such cases. This not only leads the pathologists to continuously seek for better than the present investigations but also leads clinicians to decide a dynamic management regime. Though there is a defined protocol for thyroid work up of clinically diagnosed patients, newer and more sensitive test need to be devised. Keywords: Cytological, Clinical, Antithyroglobulin & Antibodies.

Background & Methods: Various smears were readied, air-dried and fixed in ethanol for staining by May-Grunwald-Giemsa stain and Papanicolaou staining strategy. A nitty gritty assessment of the cytologic smears was done and includes like cellularity, sum and nature of colloid, Hurthle cell change, anisonucleosis of follicular cells, range of receptive lymphoid cells and other incendiary cells like eosinophils, macrophages, goliath cells and epithelioid cells were noted. Thyroid capacity tests were finished utilizing COBAS E analyser. Result: In our study we found, 82% Females whereas 18% Males. Lymphocytic Thyroiditis 42%, Granulomatous Thyroiditis 31 & Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis 27%. Types of swelling and diagnosis with painless 71 % and painful 29 %. Study Designed: Cross-sectional Observational Study. Conclusion: A total of 200 thyroiditis cases studied with detailed history, thorough clinical examination and relevant blood investigations like Thyroid Profile were being done. The various studies on the correlation of cytomorphological spectrum and antithyroglobulin antibodies in autoimmune thyroiditis cases all acreoss the globe have great variations in their findings. Keywords: Ovary, Histomorphological & Tumours.

Background & Methods: A study which assess the relation between size of ovary and various histomorphological patterns. Gross examination was done carefully examining the outer surface and on-cut surface of ovary, looking for any cyst with its content and type of fluid filled inside, any solid area, papillary projections and growth. Associated tissue piece if received were also carefully examined and grossed. Result: Radiologically, of total 66 non neoplastic cases, 51 are reported as benign ovarian cyst, 05 as complex ovarian cyst, 04 as hemorrhagic cyst, 03 as bulky uterus and 02 as adenexal mass. 03 out of 05 cases of non-specific oophoritis are reported as benign ovarian cyst, all 01 cases of tuberculosis are reported as complex ovarian cyst. Of 07 follicular cysts, 05 are reported as benign ovarian cyst, 01 as complex ovarian cyst and one each as hemorrhagic cyst and bulky uterus. Of 24 cases diagnosed as simple serous cyst histologically, 20 are reported as benign ovarian cyst, 02 as bulky uterus and 02 as adenexal mass. 04 out of 04 cases of endometriosis are reported as benign ovarian cyst. Study Designed: Observational Study. Conclusion: Viable therapeutic administration of ovarian dangerous tumors keeps on being a test to the oncologist. A precise histopathological determination joined with clinical organizing will help in delivering expeditious and fitting treatment to the patient. The ovary is a successive site for essential malignancy. Because of various cell types and its unpredictable design, essential ovarian neoplasms are of different histological types. Keywords: Ovary, Histomorphological & Tumours.

Background & Method: Tests are routinely done on every blood unit to exclude HIV, HBV, HCV, syphilis and malaria. Donors were selected by the standard criteria for donor fitness. The screening for HIV was done by ELISA using kits. HBS Ag was detected by ELISA. Anti-HCV test was done by ELISA. Study Designed: Retrospective study. Result: Seroprevalence of bonding communicated infection is higher in intentional givers 62% when contrasted with substitution/relative 38% contributors. Seropositive in coinfection of bonding communicated sickness. Seroprevalence of co-contamination is 0.04% and it is higher for HBV with HIV disease. Conclusion: Over all Seroprevalence of transfusion transmitted disease in all donations in the year 2008-10 is 2.19%. Seroprevalence of transfusion transmitted disease is higher in voluntary donors 62% as compared to replacement/relative 38% donors. Seroprevalence of co-infection is 0.04% and it is higher for HBV with HIV infection. This high prevalence of transfusion transmitted disease in youth suggests a potential public health problem. Keywords: Transfusion, Diagnosis & blood donors.

Background & Methods: This study was prospective and retrospective. Prospective cases were selected from the patients admitted for surgery of invasive ductal carcinoma breast in Medical College Hospital. As regards retrospective cases, they were obtained from the histopathological records obtained from Pathology department of SRMS-IMS, Bareilly. Result: There was a significant relationship between the grades & Ki-67 status. As the grade increases the proliferative index increases. Here the value of (p

Background & Methods: The present study entitled “Correlation of ER & PR with proto-oncogene & grades of invasive duct carcinoma” was conducted in Dept. of Pathology, at SRMSIMS, Bareilly. Result: The quick scoring of ER & PR is combination of proportion and intensity scoring. Out of 56 cases, 24 cases (42.85%) were ER negative & 22 cases (39.28%) were PR negative while both were negative in 18 cases (32.14%). There was a significant relationship between tumour grading & receptor status. As the grade of tumour increases ER & PR positivity decreases. Most of the tumour of grade 01 were both ER & PR positive. Here the value of (p Study Designed: Observational Study Conclusion: For all invasive carcinomas, hormone receptor status is also studied using immunoperoxidase method and Quick scoring was done. Hormone receptor status was also correlated with other tumor characteristics as histological grading. Both ER & PR positive immune staining was observed in 71.42% cases of grade I, 64.10?sesof grade II were positive for ER & 25% were positive for PR and20% cases of grade III were found positive for ER & 10% was found positive for PR. Keywords: ER & PR, Pro-oncogene & Carcinoma.

Background & Methods : This case study was prospective and retrospective. Prospective cases were selected from the patients admitted for surgery of invasive ductal carcinoma breast in Medical College Hospital. As regards retrospective cases, they were obtained from the histopathological records obtained from Pathology department of SRMS-IMS, Bareilly. Result: Out of 56 cases, 52 cases (92.85%) had undergone modified radical mastectomy under which whole breast tissue including axillary tail, nipple, surrounding skin were excised. In 2 cases (3.57%) radical mastectomy was done under which besides pectoralis muscles was also excised. In 2 cases (3.57%) core biopsies from breast were taken. The quick scoring of ER & PR is combination of proportion and intensity scoring. Out of 56 cases, 24 cases (42.85%) were ER negative & 22 cases (39.28%) were PR negative while both were negative in 18 cases (32.14%). Study Designed: Observational Study Conclusion: For all invasive carcinomas, hormone receptor status is also studied using immunoperoxidase method and Quick scoring was done. The Quick score for ER was 0 in 42.85% (24/56) cases and for PR was 0 in 39.28% (22/56) cases, indicating no hormone expression in majority. Keywords: Carcinoma Breast Histopathological & Nottingham score.  

Background & Methods: The present study entitled “To correlate HER-2/neu status in invasive ductal carcinoma breast with histopathological grades of Nottingham score” was conducted in Dept. of Pathology, at SRMSIMS, Bareilly. Result: Out of 56 cases all grade 1 tumour were negative for Her2/neu while in grade 2, 17 cases (43.58%) were positive for Her2/neu and in grade 3, 08 cases (80%) were positive for Her 2/neu. Study Designed: Observational Study Conclusion: Among all the 60 cases studied it was seen most of the cases with grade 1 tumor were positive for ER & PR receptors & carry better prognosis, while the grade 3 cases were mostly positive for Her2/neu & have poor prognosis. Positive Her2/neu expressed were mostly ER & PR negative & this shows inverse correlation among them. Keywords: Ductal Carcinoma, Breast, Histopathology & HER-2/neu..

Background & Methods : This is a forthcoming kind of study and establishes the clinicopathological relationship of strange placental discoveries with pregnancy related maternal morbidities and related fetal result altogether preterm and full term pregnancies. Placentae from 80 conveyances of preterm and full term incubation were gathered from work room. Result: The majority of cases (51.30%) in our study displayed low birth weight. Amongst the LBW neonates 35.50% of babies are associated with preterm deliveries and 14.47% were associated with full term pregnancy. Amongst the neonates with normal birth weight, 3.94% were associated with preterm labour and 46.05% were full term. There was no significant association between length of cord and period of gestation. The majority of cases showed eccentric attachment of cord with only 2.50% of preterm cases showing battledore insertion. Study Designed: Observational Study. Conclusion: The gross features of placenta varies significantly with period of gestation. Parameters such as weight, size, number of cotyledons and thickness of placenta decreases in preterm labour. The microscopic lesions observed in decreasing order of frequency were perivillous fibrin deposition (62.50%) followed by chorioamnionitis (26.25%), infarct (21.25%) and calcification (17.50%). Other pathological lesions includes villous oedema (12.50%) and retro placental hematoma (2.50%). All the histomorphological changes were conspicuous in preterm pregnancies. To prevent the maternal and child morbidity and mortality the community based health education, care for prevention of anaemia and personal hygiene must be promoted more vigorously in rural areas of our country.  Keywords: placental, maternal, morbidities & pregnancies.

Background & Methods: This is a prospective type of study and constitutes the clinicopathological correlation of abnormal placental findings with pregnancy related maternal morbidities and associated foetal outcome in all preterm and full term pregnancies. Placentae from 80 deliveries of preterm and fullterm gestation were collected from labour room. Result: 53.80% of the neonates were females and 45% were males. No significant difference in the sex incidence was observed. It is noticed that the maternal morbidity was higher with female child birth. 57.50% of the mothers were multigravida and 42.50% were primigravida. The young and multigravida mothers in the age group of 21-30 years were at increased risk for preterm birth. In our study we observed that 52.94% of multigravida pregnancies were associated with preterm birth. Study Designed: Observational Study. Conclusion: In the present study, conducted over 80 placentae obtained from the cases fulfilling the inclusion criteria, the majority of the patients (82.50%) belong to the age group of 21-30 years. The younger cohort of patients in the age group of 18-20 years were 16.30% and relatively older cohort of patients in the age group of 30-35 years constituted 1.30%. Most of the mothers were multigravida (57.50%). There was no considerable sex difference in the occurrence of preterm or full term birth as 45% of the neonates were males and 53.8% were female. Quantitative evaluation of placental lesions is essential in all maternal morbidities, as similar changes can be observed in full term uncomplicated deliveries. Keywords: Gross, Placenta, Preterm & Pregnancies.

Background & Methods : Males who attended various departmental OPDs at tertiary care centre, and inpatients participated in this study as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Blood was withdrawn from an cubital vein by mean of dry sterile 5mldisposable plastic syringe with a needle of 20 guage after preparing the cubital fossa with a sterile swab, 3ml of blood was withdraw slowly, immediately blood is transferred to sterile tube with di-potassium EDTA as anticoagulant. Results: Out of 500 cases, 320 cases were male cases and 180 were female cases. Of these 320 male cases, 98 (30.63%) cases had mild anaemia, 189 cases (59.6%) had moderate anaemia and 33 cases (10.31%) had severe anaemia. Similarly, of 180 female cases, 55 (30.56%) cases had mild anaemia, 101 cases (56.11%) had moderate anaemia and 24 cases (13.33%) had severe anaemia. Male to female ratio is 1.8:1 i.e male outnumbered female in the study. However, the distribution of severity of anaemia did not differ significantly between males and females (P-value>0.05). Out of the 500 cases studied, 50 cases (10%) had >80fl MCV, 319 cases (63.80%) had MCV between 59-80 fl and 131 cases (26.20%) had Conclusions: Anemia is the most common problem occurring in males in our country, due to various reasons. Prevalence is being higher in Indian scenario, as compared to developed countries. Hence, it is recommended that, this age group is compulsorily screened for anaemia. Study of morphological pattern of anaemia directs us to the further management of underlying etiology. Keywords: Anaemia, Morphologically, Age & Sex.

Background & Methods: 400 consecutive blood samples of pregnant women’s as study group and 400 consecutive blood samples of non-pregnant women’s as control group, were included in the study. Each blood sample was mixed well and then approximately 20 ?L was aspirated by allowing the analyzer’s sampling probe into the blood sample and depressing the start button. Result: Significant difference was seen between the pairs first trimester - second trimester; and second trimester -third trimester, while non-significant difference was seen between first trimester – third trimester pair. One-Way ANOVA test was used. F value = 14.79, P value = 0.000, Significant. The F value obtained was 14.79 with a P value of & lt; 0.05, which is statistically significant. Thus, lymphocyte values in all the three groups are statistically different. One-Way ANOVA test was used. F value = 2.96, P value = 0.053, Not Significant. The F value obtained was 2.96 with a P value of > 0.05, which is statistically not significant. Thus, onocytes values in all the three groups is comparable. As the ANOVA value was found to be non-significant, Post-hoc Tukey test has not been applied. Study Designed: Observational Study. Conclusion: The estimation of anemia prevalence is an important step for health policy makers, as hemoglobin estimation is most important parameter to start supplementation of iron or removing other cause of anemia to prevent unfavorable outcome. 5. In order to get better pregnancy care more accurate and reliable figures, uniform and standard methods and study designs are also recommended for primary studies at the national level. Keywords: Platelets, Qualitative & Nonpregnant.

Background & Methods: 400 consecutive blood samples of pregnant women’s as study group and 400 consecutive blood samples of non-pregnant women’s as control group, were included in the study. Each blood sample was mixed well and then approximately 20 L was aspirated by allowing the analyzer’s sampling probe into the blood sample and depressing the start button. Results of the analysis were displayed after about 30 seconds, after which the analyzer generated a paper copy of the results on thermal printing paper. Study Designed: Observational Study. Result: Significant difference was seen between the pairs first trimester - second trimester; and second trimester - third trimester, while non-significant difference was seen between first trimester – third trimester pair. One-Way ANOVA test was used. F value = 16.09, P value = 0.000, Significant The F value obtained was 16.09 with a P value of < 0> Conclusions: More direct dependence on hemoglobin for pregnant women in their second and third trimesters, along with a more aggressive approach to the level of iron stores at which iron supplementation should be prescribed. The references provided in this study should prove useful for diagnostic and research purposes. Keywords: Neutrophils, Pregnant & Pathophysiological.

Background & Method: The material for the current investigation contained assessment of 1542 cervical/vaginal smear, taken from patients going to the out-tolerant Department of Obstretric and Gynecology and further shipped off Department of Pathology for cytomorphological examination. The legitimate example assortment is perhaps the main strides in pap smear screening. At any rate one half to 66% of bogus negatives are the aftereffect of patient conditions present at the hour of test assortment and accommodation and the expertise and information on the person who acquires the example. Sufficient cervical cytology tests ought to be gathered and submitted to the lab with proper clinical data. Study Designed: Cross sectional observational study. Result: 27 cases of epithelial cell abnormality, out of which 17 cases show Atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance, 1 case show Atypical glandular cells of uncertain significance. 2 cases shows low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 2 cases shows high grade squamous intra epithelial lesions. A total of 5 smears show invasive carcinoma cervix. Maximum cases of LSIL were detected in 41-50 years of age group and maximum cases of HSIL were detected in 31-60 years of age group whereas maximum cases of carcinoma cervix were detected in 51-60 years of age group. Conclusion: In the developing countries like India, cervical cytology, due to its low cost and easy availability, is the most important diagnostic tool for the screening of females of reproductive age group. The patient attending the Gynecology Out Patient Department were targeted in this study, so as to screening all the females, even with minor symptoms like discharge per vaginum. Keywords: Cytological, Cervical and vaginal lesions.

Background & Method: The material for the present study comprised of examination of 1542 cervical/vaginal smear, taken from patients attending the out-patient Department of Obstretric & Gynaecology and further sent to Department of Pathology for cytomorphological analysis. The study is done in Department of Pathology. Study Designed: Cross sectional observational study. Result: Maximum number of atypical epithelial cells of uncertain significance were found in age group 21-40 years (76.5%). Conclusion: The value of exfoliative vaginal cytology is undisputed today. The question arises about the feasibility of such study. The facilities for cytology being limited in our country, the needful and under privelaged population should also be taken into consideration in screening programmes. Post coital bleeding and sero-sanguinous discharge were the important symptoms associated with ASCUS and LSIL while bleeding per vaginum was the most important symptom associated with Squamous cell carcinoma. Keywords: Cytology, Diagnostic, Benign & malignant lesions.

Introduction and Objectives: Most common cause for pelviuretericjunction (PUJ) obstruction is thought to be intrinsic defect of muscular development or the deficient nerves in the obstructed narrow segment. Other causes include obstruction from outside: crossing vessel (CV), tumor compressing PUJ etc and intramural causes. Congenital Hydronephrosis is associated with crossing vessels in 26% of cases. The purpose of this work is to evaluate histopathological changes in patients of PUJ obstruction with or without crossing vessels. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted on 128 patients who underwent pyeloplasty from January 2016 to June 2018. Of these 42 patients had associated crossing vessels. Hisopathological analysis of PUJ segment was done to look for chronic inflammation, muscular hypertrophy, fibrosis, muscle disarray and synaptophysin. Results: Moderate to severe chronic inflammation was seen in 23.8% and 44.2% (P > 0.05) cases with CV and without CV respectively, similarly fibrosis and muscular hypertrophy was seen higher in cases without CV although these were not statistical significant. On contrary muscle disarray shows trend of higher in cases with CV but it was also not statistical significant. Synaptophysin was positive in 4.8% cases with CV and 4.7% cases without CV. Conclusion: Based on this study there is no significant statistical difference in the histopathological changes in patients with or without crossing vessels. So crossing vessel is not the cause but an associated finding in pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction. Keywords: Histopathological, PUJ synaptophysin

Introduction: Few studies have been performed to evaluate the p53 protein expression in gallbladder carcinoma and its relationship to histopathological grade of the tumor. Based on these facts the aim of our study was to assess the p53 overexpression in correlation to the grade of tumor. Material and Methods: 80 cases of histologically proven gall bladder carcinoma were included in the study.p53 immunostaining was done and score was calculated. Results: It was observed that out of 80 cases of gall bladder malignancy, 30(37.5%) cases were p53 positive and 50(62.5%) were p53 negative. There was statistically significant difference between the histological grade of p53 positive and p53 negative adenocarcinomas with significantly higher number of patients of p53 overexpression presenting with poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. Conclusion: p53 overexpression has inverse relationship with the grade of the tumor. Keywords: Carcinoma, Gallbladder.