CP Ramani

Abstract

Background: Peritonitis is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). It is the primary reason for hospitalization and switching over to hemodialysis. In the present study, we aimed to determine the microbiological profile of peritoneal dialysis fluid in patients with acute and chronic renal failure and identify these organisms' susceptibility patterns. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Institute of Microbiology and Institute of Nephrology in the Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital from April 2016 to March 2017. A total of 100 patients who were >18 years of age, acute and chronic renal failure patients who underwent Peritoneal Dialysis and patients on Continuous and Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis were included. Results: The study population included 100 patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria. 63% were males, and 37% were females. The patients had a mean age of 44.15±13.89. 28 samples were culture positive, out of which 13 (46.4%) were Gram-negative, 10 (35.7%) were Gram-positive and 5 (17.9%) were Fungal isolates. Among them, the majority were Acinetobacter baumannii (20%) and Candida non-albicans (20%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (16%), Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (16%), Klebsiella oxytoca (8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (4%), Enterococcus faecalis (4%). Conclusion: Peritoneal infections were more common in patients with longer duration of dialysis and diabetes mellitus. CAPD patients were having a higher risk of infections compared to IPD. As the number of infections associated with peritoneal dialysis rises, routine PD fluid microbiological analysis after the procedure will help improve patient care by using appropriate antibiotics as soon as possible before any major clinical problem arises.   Keywords: Peritoneal dialysis, Chronic kidney disease, Culture sensitivity, Hemodialysis, Gram-negative organisms.

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Abstract

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most commonly encountered bacterial infections in healthcare with a spectrum of presentation ranging from benign symptoms of dysuria to life-threatening pyelonephritis. Aim: To isolate and identify the uropathogens causing community-acquired urinary tract infections and to compare antimicrobial susceptibility pattern between biofilm and non-biofilm forming uropathogens Materials and Methods: Midstream urine samples collected from 100 patients attending the OPD were processed as per standard protocol. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed for the uropathogens. Biofilm production among the uropathogens was tested by the Tissue culture plate method. Results: Out of the 100 patients with clinically suspected UTI significant growth of bacteria was seen in 47%. E.Coli (40%) being the commonest uropathogen isolated and found to be sensitive to Ak (80%) followed by Nitro (63%). Klebsiella spp and Pseudomonas exhibit a stronger biofilm-producing property. Antimicrobial resistance was seen to be higher among biofilm producing uropathogens. Conclusion: There is a direct correlation between biofilm production and resistance to antimicrobials among the uropathogens comparing to non-biofilm producers. Keywords: CA-UTI, Uropathogens, Biofilm, Antimirobial resistance.

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Abstract

Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death in developing and developed countries. Infectious etiology is also suspected to be a significant risk factor in these cases. CMV is a beta herpes virus. Once infected, the person carries the virus for life.80% adults show CMV specific antibodies in their serum indicating the high prevalence of CMV infection. Aim: To know the seroprevalence of CMV infection in patients with CAD Materials and Methods: Clinically stable patients undergoing coronary angiography because of symptoms suspected of CAD were included in the study. The samples were tested for specific anti-CMV IgG antibodies by ELISA Results: Of 150 patients, 86 % had detectable quantities of anti-CMV IgG antibodies in their serum. 15 patients (10%) were found to be ‘borderline positive,’ and the antibody index was between 0.9 to 1.1. 6 patients (4%) did not have detectable quantities of anti-CMV IgG antibodies in their serum. Prevalence of CAD was 100% in the study group. Conclusion: Cytomegalovirus is an essential cause of atherosclerosis due to the infectious burden. In the study population, 86% of the patients showed elevated levels of anti-CMV IgG antibody. So, there is an association between CMV infection and coronary artery disease. Keywords: Coronary artery diseases, Cytomegalovirus, Infection.

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