Gaurav Jain

The precise knowledge of endocanalicular systems of different human teeth is a "road map" for the successful root canal treatment. Permanent mandibular canines usually contain one root with a single root canal. Many investigators have reported the anatomical variations associated with mandibular canines. This paper describes case of root canal therapy of permanent mandibular canine having two roots and two root canals (Type IV, Weine’s Classification). The clinicians must always suspect anatomical varieties and use all the available tools to diagnose and manage the cases. Keywords: Endodontic therapy, Mandibular canine, Root canal anatomy, Root canal variations, Two roots.

Aim: The present in-vitro study evaluated the influence of different organic and inorganic root canal irrigants used during chemomechanical preparation on the push-out bond strength of an Epoxy-resin based AH Plus sealer and a Bioceramic Endosequence BC sealer. Materials and Methods: Eighty extracted permanent human mandibular single rooted premolar teeth were used and randomly assigned to four major groups [according to irrigation protocol using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with MTAD (mixture of tetracycline, acid and detergent) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or phosphoric acid or normal saline (NS) as control group]. The root canals were instrumented using rotary nickel-titanium Hyflex® CM file system to size 30/0.06 taper, at the working length, as final shaping and finishing file, following different irrigation protocols, as per group allocation. The samples were further subdivided into two groups, with ten samples each (n=10), based on endodontic sealer; roots were obturated with gutta-percha and test sealers (AH-Plus or Endosequence Bioceramic sealer). The teeth were decoronated and obtained samples of eighty obturated roots of eight groups were cut to obtain 2mm thick coronal root slices (10 root section in each group), using hard tissue microtome. Bond strength of sealers was then measured by subjecting each root section to a compressive load via Instron Universal testing machine. The data were tabulated and statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s HSD along with Bonferroni’s post-hoc test and level of significance set at a p value Results: The highest mean push-out bond strength of 5.38 MPa for AH Plus sealer was obtained in Group 2A followed by 3.94 MPa for Endosequence BC sealer (Group 2B), when phosphoric acid was used as chelating agent. However, mean bond strength of AH Plus sealer was significantly decreased (p Conclusion: The Bioceramic based Endosequence BC sealer and gutta-percha core combination was not superior in push-out bond strength to AH Plus and gutta-percha core combination. Moreover, use of different organic and inorganic endodontic irrigants influenced the push-out bond strength of both the sealers. Clinical Significance: In dynamic clinical situation, for longer functional viability of an endodontically treated tooth, adhesion of a sealer to root dentin is necessary to avoid its dislocation during tooth flexure and also even during operative procedures like post space preparation. Adequate measures should be undertaken while using different irrigation protocols bearing in mind that the canal irrigants used during chemomechanical preparation can affect root dentin surface, thereby influencing sealer adhesion. Keywords: A-H plus sealer, Bioceramic Sealer, MTAD, Push-out bond Strength, Sodium Hypochlorite.

Aim: This in-vitro study compared the shear bond strength of a dual-cure core build-up composite bonded to dentin using a two-step self-etch adhesive, with two, single step self-etch universal adhesive systems. Materials and Methods: In the present in-vitro study, sixty extracted permanent human mandibular molar teeth, decoronated below the dentino-enamel junction to expose the coronal dentin, were taken and later mounted in self-cure acrylic resin. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups of twenty samples each, based on the dentin bonding agents used namely ParaBond (a two-step self-etch adhesive) and two one-step universal adhesives i.e. Single Bond Universal and Tetric N-Bond Universal. The dentin surface of samples was treated with the respective adhesives of the groups according to manufacturer’s instructions. The bonded surface was bulk filled using ParaCore dual-cure composite. The attained samples were stored in distilled water at 370C for 24hrs and subsequently put through thermocycling (50C to 550C for 500 cycles). The samples were than subjected to shear loading in Instron Universal testing machine. The data were tabulated and statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s HSD test. Results: Tetric N-Bond Universal adhesive showed the highest mean Shear Bond Strength (SBS) of 20.78 MPa, followed by Single Bond Universal 19.07 MPa and ParaBond Adhesive 5.44 MPa. Conclusion: Tetric N-Bond Universal showed the highest mean SBS and a predictable relationship was found between the formulation of dentin adhesive systems and their shear bond strength values. Clinical Significance: The universal adhesives showed high shear bond strength as compared to conventional 2-step self-etch adhesives. High acidic pH of self-etch adhesive affected their bond strength. So for stake of bond stability, a mild self-etch / universal adhesive is recommended for adhesion, because higher the bond strength, higher it can withstand the stress resulting in a successful restoration. Keywords: Adhesives, Dentin, Dual-cure composite resins, Shear bond strength.

In the ever-evolving landscape of dentistry, ‘Functional Rehabilitation of Endodontically Treated Teeth – A Perspective Approach’ stands as a beacon, illuminating the intricate facets of restorative dentistry. From the delicate artistry of post-placement to the nuanced world of material considerations, this book serves as an indispensable guide for practitioners navigating the challenges of reinforcing compromised teeth. With a comprehensive exploration of dental prosthetics, it unravels the mysteries behind choosing the right materials, offering step-by-step procedures and detailed illustrations. As we delve into the merits of alloys and the innovations in fiber-reinforced materials, this resource empowers dental professionals to enhance their skills, fostering trust and collaboration with patients for successful post and core treatments. May this book inspire and equip practitioners to preserve and restore smiles with enduring impact.

The book 'Gingival Tissue Management: Emphasis on Operative and Prosthodontic Aspect ' is a compilation of writings in essay format on topic of importance, Gingival Tissue Management, in the subject of Operative and Prosthodontic Dentistry. Operative dentistry deals with the functional and esthetic restoration of the hard tissues of an individual tooth, so restoring this damaged, broken down hard tissue or replacing a missing tooth or teeth to proper form and function, requires management of the adjoining soft tissue apart from hard tissue, as for restoration to become an integral component of total oral complex, it must be in harmony with periodontium (soft tissue). Whatever may be the type of restoration, soft tissue around the tooth or prosthesis plays an important role in its long term favorable prognosis. Soft tissue consideration helps the dental surgeon to create esthetically pleasing and functionally proven restoration. The book in its chapters covers a wide aspect of the concerned topic and summarizes some of its vital aspects.

The established importance of Forensic Dentistry for human identification, particularly when there is limited evidence to perform such identification (e.g., in fires, explosions, decomposing bodies, or skeletonized bodies), has led dentists involved in forensic investigations to become more familiar with new molecular biology techniques. This chapter focuses on the methodologies and applications of DNA extraction from teeth in forensic odontology. The currently available DNA tests are highly reliable and are accepted as legal evidence in courts. Teeth are a valuable source of DNA in forensic investigations due to their durability and resistance to environmental factors, making them particularly useful for identifying individuals in cases where soft tissues are compromised. The chapter outlines the key steps involved in the extraction process, including sample preparation, DNA isolation, and purification techniques, while emphasizing the importance of minimizing contamination, as well as an overview of the evolution of this technology in recent years, emphasizing the importance of molecular biology in forensic science. The potential of DNA extraction from teeth in solving cold cases and disaster victim identification is also highlighted.

Rapid DNA technology represents a transformative advancement in the field of forensic science, enabling the generation of DNA profiles within hours rather than days or weeks. Traditional DNA profiling, while highly accurate, often requires extensive time, specialized laboratories, and skilled personnel. Rapid DNA addresses these limitations by automating the process, allowing for near-instantaneous results directly at the point of need, such as crime scenes, disaster sites, and border checkpoints. Key sections in the chapter delve into the technical aspects of Rapid DNA devices, including the integration of sample collection, DNA extraction, amplification, and analysis into a compact, user-friendly system. The implementation of this technology in various sectors is also discussed, with case studies. It highlights both the successes and the controversies surrounding its use, particularly in terms of privacy concerns, ethical considerations, and the potential for misuse, the future of Rapid DNA technology, considering ongoing advancements that may further enhance its capabilities. The chapter concludes by reflecting on the broader implications for the criminal justice system and society as a whole, emphasizing the need for balanced regulation to ensure that the technology serves the public good while protecting individual rights.