Himanshu Aeran

Mucormycosis usually occurs in patients with compromised immune system, and also in patients with uncontrolled diabetes, with rampant use of corticosteroids owing to the deadly triad of COVID-19 infection. The involvement in the maxillary region may need to be surgical resected and the debridement of the necrosed areas can lead to extensive maxillary defects which can create difficulties in the patient’s normal function.This case report describes the prosthodontic rehabilitation of a patient with post COVID-19 rhino orbital cerebral mucormycosis.   Keywords: Mucormycosis, closed hollow bulb obturator, Maxillofacial prosthesis, Partial maxillectomy

Arch space/ Tooth size discrepancy occurs whenever there is a early loss of the deciduous molars which eventually leads to malocclusion. Prevention of this discrepancy has always been a challenge for a pediatric dentist. This case report describes modified bilateral distal shoe appliance fabricated due to inadequate abutment support. Keywords: Cention, Radiographically

Background: The survival of fixed prosthodontic restorations depends on the state of the marginal adaptation. Marginal gaps can create a favourable condition for biofilm deposition, thereby contributing to the development of caries and periodontal disease. The longevity of fixed prosthodontic restorations depends on the condition of the marginal adaptation to the abutment teeth. Aim: The presented work aimed to study, evaluate and compare the marginal adaptation of All-Ceramic crowns fabricated using conventional laboratory procedures with those fabricated using the CAD/CAM technology. Objectives: To compare the marginal fit and adaptation of All- Ceramic crowns obtained by conventional techniques and crowns obtained by CAD/CAM technique. Materials and Methods: The presented study focused on a total of 20 samples divided into two groups viz. Group I (Conventional) and Group II (CAD/CAM) having 10 sample each. The samples were prepared with the straight abutment having a standardized collar height of 2mm, HIOSSEN that was mounted on acrylic blocks using implant analogue, HIOSSEN. A set of crowns was produced by 5-axis milling lithium disilicate using glass-ceramic blocks with laboratory fabrication methods. Another set of zirconia crowns was produced using CAD/CAM technology. Circumferential marginal gap measurements were taken at 12 measurement locations on the hexagonal die marked equidistant to each other. Both the samples were measured for marginal discrepancy at under the stereomicroscope. Results: The results obtained showed that the mean vertical gap for the group II samples showed the least variation in the marginal discrepancy. Although the mean obtained for both the groups showed that the mean vertical marginal discrepancy was within the clinically acceptable level. Conclusion: It can be concluded that within the limitation of the study the data obtained showed that The Mean vertical gap was the maximum for Group I (Conventional group) i.e. 49.25 µm showing maximum variation in marginal fit. While the CAD/CAM Group had shown least vertical marginal discrepancy which depicts statistically significant better marginal fit than those fabricated using conventional laboratory procedures.   Keywords: CAD/CAM, Implant abutment, Marginal adaptation, All-ceramic crowns.

General and oral health is a fundamental right of human being. Good health is achieved by assimilation of healthy diet and this further helps in maintaining health of oral hard (teeth) and soft tissues. Many age related diseases are highly influenced by nutrition. Improper nutrition not only affects physical appearance but also it affects psychological status of patient. Chronic disease and most oral diseases share common risk factors. Diet plays a key role in disease prevention, as poor diets have been linked to ill- nesses, such as osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, and bowel disease. Prosthodontist is a geriatric dentist who interacts with more number of older people as compare to other profession. Therefore, the major role for a prosthodontist is to guide the older people regarding malnutrition, balanced diet and age-related diseases. In this literature review the outlines of nutrition, basic requirements of nutrition associate with aging have been discussed. Keywords: Nutrition, Geriatric dentistry, Complete denture, Prosthodontist.

The power of beauty to modify perception and behaviour in our colleagues and peers, friends and family has led to self rejuvenation making it an important aspect of our industry. In today’s world, facial appearance is one of the most important factors influencing our perception of beauty and attractiveness. The face is an integral aspect of a person’s identity and a visible marker of one’s age. Therefore, a person’s autonomous decision is an indicator for esthetic treatments that will improve their self-image, self-esteem and appearance to others. Botox injections are noted primarily for the ability to reduce the appearance of facial wrinkles. They’re also used to treat conditions such as neck spasms (cervical dystonia), excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis), an overactive bladder and lazy eye. Dental health care professionals have started considering facial areas in relation to esthetic dentistry as dentists are familiar in this area than any other healthcare practitioner. This article gives you an insight into what is botulinum and how does it work, dental uses of Botox, non dental uses and dermal fillers that are becoming a very popular part of cosmetic dentistry known for their great ability in diminishing the signs of aging in the skin. Keywords: Botulinum toxin, Cosmetic dentistry, Non-cosmetic indications of Botox.

In the past few years, third molars have garnered great attention in regenerative medicine as a potential source of pluripotent stem cells. They offer easy accessibility, plasticity coupled with less invasive harvesting procedure in comparison to the traditional sources of stem cell but do not have the ethical issues associated with other sources of stem cells. Various sources of dental stem cells include stem cells from adult human dental pulp like that of third molars, stem cells from human primary exfoliated deciduous teeth, periodontal ligament stem cells, and dental follicle Stem Cells from human third molars. Dental pulp stem cells have mesenchymal stem cell like qualities namely differentiation into multiple lineages and an inherent capacity to renew its own population. When exposed to specific stimuli, these are capable of differentiating into neurons, adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes, etc. hence allowing applications in various systemic illnesses. Dental stem cells appear to retain their stem cell properties following cryopreservation making their storage and mass application easy. Keywords: Stem cells, Dental pulp.

The Corona Virus Outbreak has brought the world to a halt. It has caused global panic. Italy, Iran and US happen to be the worst hit countries in addition to China which was the Epicentre. Streets have been talking and the rumour mills are running strenuously. There is a lot of controversy about this corona virus. From it spreading through seafood, or bats or snakes. To it being artificially created and spread through the means. Some netizens said it won’t be as dangerous as SARS, some said its unnecessary panic, to some saying that many Shows, Books & Movies had already predicted this & its preplanned. If it is artificially created & spread out globally it is a “BIOTERRORISM ATTACK” Bioterrorism is the intentional use of microorganisms and toxins to produce disease and death in humans, animals and crops. Terror is derived from a Latin word meaning fright. It is practised and spread by collecting people of different regions, religions and ages with any intention related to politics, society or economy. Terror groups may sometimes stop or pause their activity when their needs are met. These attempts may be done just to spread fear and to gain publicity. In bioterrorism biological agents are used to cause harm. Biological weapons strike in all of a sudden and then linger for a long time. Thus creating a high level of panic, environment contamination and extreme pressures on emergency health services. An accurate and quality information given to the public by credible public health and medical experts can do a lot in controlling fears and encouraging cooperation and participation from masses in a constructive and organized manner. Dental professionals can potentially play a very significant role in the response to the big emergency of a bioterrorism attack. Keywords: Bioterrorism attack.

Background: Chronic periodontitis is a multifactorial disease which is influenced by a variety of risk factors including psychosocial factors such as depression and stress that are known to affect the immune system thereby affecting the periodontal tissue. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between periodontal parameters and depression. Materials and Methods: 35 patients with periodontitis as test group and 35 periodontally healthy patients as control group were included. Oral hygiene index and Community periodontal index of treatment needs was measured for all cases. Depression levels were assessed by Beck’s depression inventory. Results: All the parameters were statistically significant in test group as compared to control group. Beck’s depression inventory showed that periodontal patients had a significantly higher total depression score than control group. Conclusion: This study reveals that there is a positive correlation between the severity of periodontal disease and the severity of depression in patients. Keywords: Chronic periodontitis, Depression, stress, Becks depression inventory.

A patient with several missing teeth in the anterior aesthetic region along with severe ridge defect poses a challenge for prosthodontic rehabilitation. A removable partial denture may become heavy as it replaces the teeth as well helps to restore the normal facial musculature, while a conventional fixed partial denture and implant supported FPD may fail to replace the soft tissue structure. The present case discusses a fixed removable partial denture rehabilitation of a patient that will helps us to achieve optimum esthetics, replace the missing teeth along with the supporting structure, be convenient and pocket friendly. Keywords: Andrew’s bridge, Removable fixed prosthesis, Economic.

Rehabilitation of a completely edentulous patient with flabby tissue is a testing situation for a Prosthodontist. Flabby ridge is a common clinical finding affecting the alveolar ridges of the maxillary and mandibular arches, where hyperplastic soft tissue replaces the alveolar bone. Anterior region of maxilla is the most affected especially in cases where there are remaining natural teeth present in mandibular arch. Flabby ridges present a scrupulous difficulty and may give rise to complain of pain/looseness relating to the complete denture that rest on them. Forces exerted during the act of impression making can result in disttortion of the mobile tissues. Dentures on flabby ridges have compromised stability, support and retention unless adequate measures for its management are employed. Methods applied for flabby tissue management include surgical removal and augmentation, special impression techniques such as window technique, balanced distribution of occlusal loads. This paper presents two case reports for prosthodontics rehabilitation of patient with flabby ridge using Window technique. Keywords: Flabby ridge, Window technique.

The buccal/labial alveolar bone is primarily vascularised by the periodontal membrane of the tooth. After extraction, the buccal/labial cortical plate starts resorbing at a faster rate than the palatal/lingual plate leading to its partial or total resorption. In order to overcome the negative consequences of tooth extraction various methods have been described in the literature such as hard and soft tissue augmentation following extraction with or without immediate implant placement. Resorption of the buccal/labial bundle bone can be avoided by leaving a buccal/labial root segment in place so that the biological integrity of the buccal/labial periodontium remains untouched. Immediate implant placement is a well-recognized and successful treatment option following tooth removal. Socket shield technique seems to be a good alternative for immediate implant placement in aesthetically challenging cases that aimed first to preserve the buccal/labial plate of bone and prevent post extraction resorption with leaving the buccal/labial aspect of the root intact. Keywords: Extraction socket, Alveolar bone preservation, Immediate implant placement, Socket shield.

The referral process in dentistry involves the mutual care and treatment of the same patient shared between the referring doctor and the specialist to whom the patient has been referred. Many factors in?uence the decision to refer a patient for specialist care and support. Clinical, personal, and economic factors of the referring doctor and the specialist coupled with the patient’s preferences and means make the referral process a complex entity in the everyday practice of dentistry. Good clinical reasoning and decision making in dentistry are necessary factors in the appropriate management and referral of patients with periodontal disease. Keywords: General Practitioners, Referrals, Periodontitis.

Aim and Objective: 1. To know the prevalence of smoking and smokeless tobacco use; 2. Its impact on periodontal disease; 3. The quitting behavior in a population of Rishikesh. Materials and Methods: Present study was conducted in Seema dental college and hospital Rishikesh. A pre-structured and pre-tested schedule was used for collection of relevant data pertaining to smoking form of tobacco. The socio-demographic variables were collected. Subjects were interviewed about their smoking status, different forms of smoking product used and periodontal parameters recorded. Results: A total of 2012 subjects were studied. 220 out of 2012 were found to be exclusive tobacco users. 212 were males and 8 were females. More smokers were found to be males than females and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p Conclusion: Prevalence of tobacco use more in males than females. Periodontal disease severity was higher in tobacco users. The desire to quit tobacco using was also found to be more among males as compared to female smokers.                               Keywords: Tobacco, Periodontal status, Quitting.

In the recent years, implants have emerged as a very successful treatment modality to replace missing teeth. The success of implant therapy depends upon adequate diagnosis and treatment planning. There is a direct relationship between the success of implant therapy and oral hygiene maintenance of dental implants. A clear directive must be established by every clinician for the implant maintenance protocol with routine clinical evaluation of implants. Clinicians must be well versed with the means to assess and maintain implants along with the techniques and instruments to be used. The patients must be made aware to set up an adequate home care ritual for long term success of dental implants. This article explains implant assessment, monitoring, and home & in office maintenance protocol. Keywords: Implants, Monitoring, Maintenance, Prosthesis.

The long term prognosis of an endodontically treated tooth depends on the strength of the remaining tooth structure and the prosthetic restoration of the same. The use of aesthetic materials becomes mandatory while restoring the teeth in the aesthetic zone. A restoration of an anterior tooth with Glass fibre post, along with dual cure composite core followed by a Lithium Disilicate crown is presented. The restoration addressed the patient’s chief complaint of a broken and ugly anterior tooth while preserving maximum remaining tooth structure and achieving optimum aesthetic results. This allowed a smooth transition from an unaesthetic, fractured tooth to an interim restoration in a single appointment, followed by the definitive metal free crown on a subsequent date. Keywords: Glass fibre post, Lithium disilcate crown, Fractured anterior tooth

Purpose: The ring-less investment system is in use for dental casting, although there was no adequate scientific data to support its use either for conventional fixed dental prosthesis or implant retained fixed dental prosthesis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the ringless casting and accelerated wax-elimination techniques can be combined to offer a cost-effective, clinically acceptable, and time-saving alternative for fabricating single unit castings in fixed prosthodontics. Materials and Method: An in-vitro study was undertaken to compare the vertical marginal accuracy of single full coverage metal copings, between ring-less and metal ring investment techniques, using two different investment materials and two different types of casting techniques, conventional and accelerated for implant supported dental prosthesis. Four groups were made of forty samples each. All copings were identical, Microscopic measurements were recorded at 80X magnification on the perpendicular to the axial wall at four predetermined sites. The measurements thus obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Result and Conclusion:Within the limitation of the study the following conclusions were drawn from the data obtained in this study, Mean Vertical gap was the maximum for Group IV (53.58), followed by Group II (44.27), Group I (44.27) and Group III (36.11), which was statistically significant. Conventional casting using ringless (Group III) coping had shown least vertical marginal discrepancy and statistically significantly better marginal fit than that fabricated by conventional and accelerated casting with metal ring investments. Accelerated casting using ringless (Group IV) coping had shown statistically maximum vertical marginal discrepancy among the four methods. The methods used for accelerated casting technique with using ringless process are technique sensitive. Minor variations in the procedures shown defects such as nodules, fins and porosity. Ring-less system of casting can be recommended for use in fabricating implant supported fixed dental restorations. Keywords: Ringless Casting, Casting, Accelerated Casting, Marginal Fit

Garre's osteomyelitis is a distinctive type of chronic osteomyelitis associated with gross thickening of the periosteum of the bones and peripheral reactive bone formation resulting from mild irritation or infections. The condition is seen in children or young adults and the mandible is more affected than the maxilla in most cases. The following is a case report of a 10 year old boy having Garre’s osteomylitis of the mandible due to the long standing infection and improper treatment of a carious tooth. Keywords: Primary chronic osteomyelitis (PCO), Acute osteomyelitis (AO), Chronic osteomyelitis with peripheral periostites COPP.