Manjula S Patil

Abstract

Introduction: Adolescents are defined as the age group between 10-19 years according to WHO.During adolescence; anaemia is prevalent in both girls and boys indicating that they need higher nutritional requirement for their rapid physical, mental growth and development. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of anaemia and its associated factors among rural and urban school going adolescents in North Karnataka. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted among the school going adolescents (10-19 years) studying in Government schools in rural and urban field practice area. All the Government schools were included in sampling frame and students were selected using simple random sampling technique. Anthropometric measurements and laboratory test were done. Haemoglobin estimation using Sahli’s method. Data was entered in MS Excel and analysed using SPSS v22. Statistical measures used were percentage, chi square test as test of significance and was evaluated at 95% confidence level (p Results: Total prevalence of anaemia among adolescents was 80.28%, more in rural adolescents (88.88%) compared to urban (71.67%). Maximum prevalence was of moderate anaemia 193 (53.61%) more in rural 63.89% compared to urban area 43.33%. Conclusion: Maximum prevalence was of moderate anaemia in both the areas which was more in girls compared to boys. Keywords: School, Adolescents, Rural and Urban, Anaemia, Malnutrition

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Introduction: Diabetes is grouped into the category of disease (lifestyle diseases) where lifestyle plays an important factor. A good self care activities among the diabetes affected patients, the disease can be well controlled and managed. These are healthy eating, being physically active, monitoring of blood sugar, adherence with medications, foot care and smoking etc. Objective : To determine the self-care practice among the diabetic patients in the urban area of North Karnataka and to assess their socio-demographic risk factors. Materials and Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted among the diabetic patients in urban field practice area of North Karnataka. House to house survey was conducted and data was collected by using pre-designed pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire by interview method. Data is presented in proportion and analysed using MS-Excel 2007 and SPSS v 22. Chi-square test & OR were applied & p value Results: Diabetes self-care activities undertaken by the study population showed that three fourth (75.76%) of the patients were not adherent to the diet. Adequate self-care activities in form of exercise were seen in only (24.24%), foot care (25.45%), blood glucose monitoring 139 (84.24%), medication (72.73%) and (93.94%) did not smoke. Conclusion : Self-care activities with respect to diet and exercise were poor in the population studied.   Keywords: Self- care, Diabetes, Urban, SDSA.

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Background: Contraceptive prevalence rate serves as a proxy measure of access to reproductive health services. It is an indicator of health, population, development and women’s empowerment. Objective: To determine the prevalence and pattern of contraceptive usage and also the factors affecting among the married women of reproductive age in an urban field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine, JNU Institute of Medical Sciences, Jaipur; Rajasthan. Materials and Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in urban field practice area of JNU medical college, Rajasthan among women aged 15-49 years with calculated sample size of 402. A predesigned and pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used and data was collected with interview technique. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic details, reproductive history and current contraceptive usage. Data was entered in Ms Excel, analyzed using SPPS v.22 and represented in tables and figures. Chi square test was used to show the association and p-value Results: Currently 50.47% of the women were not using any contraceptive method. Maximum usage was of male condom 36.26%. Majority of the participants stated as it was husband’s disapproval (31.28%) for current non-usage of any contraceptive. Socio-economic status was not significantly associated with the contraceptive use. Conclusion: In our study, male condom was the most common temporary contraceptive used. Misconception and fear of side effects related to the contraceptive usage was a major reason for non-utilization of contraceptives.   Keywords: Contraceptive practice, Family planning, Reproductive age, Urban slum.

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