Sayan Bhattacharyya

Fungi can cause a plethora of infections. They are often difficult to detect and identify. Various phenotypic and genotypic tests are there for fungal diagnosis. Here in this review article the author has tried to explain the extant culture and identification methods for various fungi of medical importance,   Keywords: Fungi, Identification, Infections

The COVID pandemic is still raging across the world. The XE variant has newly emerged and at present, many cases are being reported from Northern and Western India as well. Possibly it is a hybrid recombinant strain of BA. 1 and BA. 2 strains of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV2. Cases are still mild with few symptoms, and are mostly self-limiting. However, the presenting features can be very non-specific.   Keywords: Recombinant, Pandemic, XE.

Infections that are found in the wound produced by any surgical process or procedure are termed surgical site infections in medical parlance. They can be caused by a number of virulent microorganisms, and can be prevented partly or fully, by proper precautionary measures and early diagnosis and treatment. We here present a brief, comprehensive review of the epidemiology, causative microbes and management of these infections.   Keywords: Surgical site infections, Prevention, Microbiology

Currency notes are potential sources of bacteria and fungi that can cause various infections. Their role as fomites are not fully explored. Data from the scientific world is also scarce in this aspect. We here attempt to review the various types of currency notes and the common pathogenic microflora contaminating their surfaces. Possible solutions to this problem also remain to be discovered. Keywords: Currency bacteria, Fungi, Colonization, Infection, Fomites.

The novel Coronavirus disease has now spread all over the world over the last few months, and leads to mortality especially in the elderly and the infants. Affection of the lower respiratory tract can lead to a lot of severity. Some new therapeutic options have been devised for the disease, but a vaccine has yet not been found. The disease was first reported in China but now the epicentre is in Europe. Keywords: Coronavirus, Epidemic, Pandemic, Mortality, Real-time PCR.

Hand washing and hand hygiene are very important things to remember in the hospital practice as well as daily life. Hand hygiene can be performed by soap or hand sanitizer. Hand hygiene can lead to drastic reduction in transmission of infections and also drug resistant bugs, and is thus also a good way to combat AMR or antimicrobial resistance in the community as well as in hospital setting. Hand hygiene can be maintained by hand washing or hand scrubbing, and both these things are important, depending on the hospital setting. Hand wash can be social, surgical and antiseptic. Hand hygiene can also be made more popular in the masses by a number of methods and educational activities. Compliance to hand hygiene among people is not always very great, even among the healthcare providers, and this should be a matter of concern. Hence hand hygiene assumes some importance, and is now considered a "do-it yourself vaccine". This topic is discussed less but is very important.   Keywords: Hand hygiene, Hand washing, Emollient.

Tulsi, mint and spinach, all are examples of culinary herbs and beneficial for health. They have digestive, antibacterial and many other medicinal properties. Many people, however, have also studied and found presence of enteropathogens in such herbs and leafy greens. In the laboratory we have gone through different tests to identify the specific pathogen present on the leaves. This will be a milestone of public health research in food microbiology.   Keywords: ­ Tulsi, Mint, Spinach, Bacteria.

Introduction: Tulsi, Mint and Spinach all are leafy greens. They have tremendous medicinal properties thus they are used as culinary herbs or sometimes consumed as raw. Although sometimes they caused health issues due to presence of some enteropathogenic bacteria. Aims: In this study we are tried to identify the enteropathogens and through different types of laboratory examinations. Data collection : We looked for the enteropathogens and in Tulsi, mint and spinach leaves via different types of laboratory techniques. Many of these leaves contained th3ese pathogens which can be harmful if ingested by the oral route. Conclusion : Enteropathogenic bacteria can often be found in edible leafy greens and this should be of public health concern. Keywords: Enteropathogens, Tulsi, Mint, Spinach