Tulsi Ram Bhandari

Abstract

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are known as chronic diseases which do not transmit from person to person. NCDs have a long duration and slow progression. Chronic non-communicable diseases constitute the major burdens of illness and disability in almost all countries of the world. The study assessed the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among young adults in the Shuklagandaki Municipality of Tanahun district. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from June to October 2018 among young adults (20-40 years) in the Shuklagandaki Municipality of Tanahun district. The required study sample size was 336. Multistage probability sampling was applied to study sites and respondents and used World Health Organization’s (WHO) STEPWISE SURVEY 1 and 2 to collect data. For this, we adopted WHO’s STEPS tool edition 2.2, Nepalese translated by NHRC during the stepwise survey in 2013. Results: The proportion of smoking was 14% which was higher in males (30%) than in females (6.2%). Alcohol consumption among young adults was 23.5%. Physical inactivity was seen among 38.4% of respondents. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and CVDs were 5.7%, 6% and 7% respectively. Sex and marital status were found to be significantly associated (p-value Conclusion: The study showed a high prevalence of smoking and alcoholism amongst the young adult population. Awareness programs on prevalent risk factors have to be conducted for preventing exposure to risk factors.   Keywords: Alcohol use, Non- communicable disease, Risk factors, Smoking, Young adult population.

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Abstract

Introduction: Depression in the postnatal period women is one of the major psychological disorders among reproductive - age women. It is associated with undesirable consequences for mothers as well as their children. Throughout the world, the reported prevalence of postpartum depression ranges from 3.5% to 33%, depending on type, severity and time since delivery. This study assessed the depression in postnatal period women and its associated factors attending a hospital of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among postpartum mothers of Pokhara Metropolitan. A quantitative survey method was adapted for collecting the required information. A face-to-face interview was conducted among 172 postpartum women using a structured interview schedule and Edinburg Postpartum Depression Scale (EDPS). We applied descriptive statistics for assessing the demographic, socio-economic and various pregnancy and delivery-related factors of the postnatal women as number and percentage. We used a chi-square test to find out the association of depression with demographic, socioeconomic and health service-related factors of postnatal women. Results: Overall 12% of women were suffered from the depression in the postnatal period using EPDS at the cutoff value 13. The age of the participants ranged from 17 to 38 years and the median age was 24 years. Nearly two-thirds participants (63.4%) were married at an early age ( included in this study were within seven days of their postpartum period. Amongst various household wealth indexes, pregnancy-related problems/complications were found to be associated with PPD. Conclusion: The study revealed that nearly one-fifth of women were suffering from depression in their postpartum period. For dealing with the problem, there should give importance to women’s education, empowerment, and family care and support during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Keywords: Associated factors, Postpartum depression, Prevalence, Women.  

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