Priavadhana Rajan Prasaad

Abstract

Introduction: Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) comprise a wide variety of neoplasms and are subdivided into two main categories of low grade and high grade lymphomas. The major subtypes among T cell lymphomas are Peripheral T cell lymphomas – Not otherwise specified, Anaplastic Large cell lymphoma, ALK positive, Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma and Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type. In this study, the histomorphological diagnostic features and the adjunct immunohistochemical expression of various markers are studied in a tertiary care centre in South India. Materials and Methods: Patients with lymphadenopathy over a period of two years were included in the study. Lymph nodes excised from these patients were routinely processed and examined. After initial examination with H&E stain, appropriate special stains like Reticulin stain, Periodic Acid Schiff stain and Ziehl-Neelsen stains are performed along with the specific Immunohistochemical markers. Results: A total of 30 cases were classified as Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, high grade, T cell type. Peripheral T cell lymphomas-NOS is found to be the most common tumors accounting for 40% of all high grade T cell NHLs. The next common tumor was Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, ALK positive with 36% of cases. T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma accounted for 10% of cases and the rest of the cases were reported as Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (7%) and Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (7%). Conclusion: Appropriate use of immunohistochemistry aids in the sub-classification of lymphomas according to the recommendations of WHO 2008. But, further molecular studies should be performed for confirmation of the subtyping done by immunohistochemistry. Keywords: High grade lymphoma, Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, Peripheral T cell lymphoma.

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Abstract

Introduction: Adrenal lesions as such are very rare conditions, which are incidentally detected through an imaging procedure, performed for reasons unrelated to adrenal dysfunction or suspected dysfunction and are known as adrenal incidentalomas.1 Its prevalence ranges from 1.4% to 2.9% worldwide. We report a series of three cases of adrenal lesions received at our hospital between the years 2011 and 2016. Case series: In a series of three cases, we found that there was one case of Adrenal cortical adenoma, one case of nodular hyperplasia of adrenal gland and one case of adrenocortical carcinoma. Majority of the tumors were seen in the age group of 20-40 years with male preponderance and only 42.8% were detected coincidentally on imaging. Conclusion: The three cases are reported here for their rarity of presentation. Keywords: Adrenal tumours, Adrenal incidentaloma, Adrenocortical carcinomas.  

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