Shaik Mahmood

Hypothyroidism is a common disorder in the population with a female predominance. Most hypothyroidism cases were found in the age group range of 30–35 in both the sexes of individuals but women were more prone to develop it. Disturbance or imbalance in the thyroid hormone levels is the underlying cause of resultant hypothyroidism. A comparative study of serum T3 (triiodothyronine), T4 (thyroxine), TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), copper, zinc, magnesium and iron was done in 100 normal individuals as controls (Group I). 100 Hypothyroid patients showing Good Response to Levothyroxine Therapy – GRLT as (Group II A) and 100 Hypothyroid patients showing Poor Response to Levothyroxine Therapy – PRLT as (Group II B) over a period of 1 and half year in the age group of 20 to 45 years. The levels of TSH were found to be elevated in hypothyroid patients with relatively lower levels of serum T3 and T4 as per our study conducted in hypothyroid patients with PRLT when compared with the healthy subjects and patients in GRLT group. A study of implementation of levothyroxine therapy in hypothyroid subjects showed improvement in the patients with all the hormone levels returning back to the pre – hypothyroid state in majority of the hypothyroid patients with GRLT in comparison with the controls. Results of the study indicate a significant decreased levels of serum copper, zinc and iron in hypothyroid patients showing poor response to levothyroxine therapy whereas the magnesium levels in the serum of hypothyroid individuals with poor response to levothyroxine was found elevated. The serum levels of all the trace elements studied i.e., copper, zinc, magnesium, and iron in GRLT hypothyroid individuals and controls were within the normal ranges. Further studies are however needed on these parameters for establishing serum levels of trace elements in hypothyroidism in relation to response to levothyroxine therapy.   Keywords: Copper, Iron, Levothyroxine therapy, Iodinee, Magnesium, Triiodothyronine, Tyroxine, Releasing hormone.

Obesity-associated arterial hypertension is characterized by stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and sodium retention, among other abnormalities. Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system has been considered to have an important function in the pathogenesis of obesity-related hypertension. During the early phases of obesity, primary sodium retention exists as a result of increase in renal tubular reabsorption. Plasma renin activity, angiotensinogen, angiotensin II and aldosterone values display significant increase during obesity. Leptin and other neuropeptides are possible links between obesity and the development of hypertension. Obesity should be considered as a chronic medical condition, which is likely to require long-term treatment. Understanding of the mechanisms associated with obesity-related hypertension is essential for successful treatment strategies.   Keywords: Leptin, Neuropeptides, Rennin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, Sympathetic nervous system, Obesity.

Information technology (IT) related to medical and health sector has vast area of networking. It is very easy to find out the location and land mark of specified and particular names of hospitals in the field of medical and health centers. It is also very easy to find out the total medical and health facilities under one roof, the list of doctors available, the drug available in pharmaceuticals stores, blood available in the blood banks, three (3) dimensional surgery facility, a deck facility of the patients etc. The Hottes Medical Technologies are related Advance Telemedicine, New Methods of Drug Development, Data Driven Health Care, Nanomedicine, 5G-Enabled Devices, Tricoders, Healthcare’s Digital Assistants, Smarters Pacemakers, A Lab. On a Chip, Wearables with a Purpose, Remote Patients Monstorins, Artificial Intelligence, Digital Therapeutics, Technology in Mental Health and Internet of Medical and Health Sector. Keywords : Medical Technologies, Advance Telemedicine, New Methods of Drug Development, Data Driven Health Care, Nanomedicine, 5G-Enabled Devices, Tricoders, Healthcare’s Digital Assistants, Smarters Pacemakers, A Lab. on a Chip, Remote Patient sMonstorins, Artificial Intelligence, Digital Therapeutics, Internet of Medical and Health Sector.

Breast cancer or carcinoma is mostly characterized by a series of genetic mutations or gene mutations and is therefore ideally place for gene therapy intervention. The aim of gene therapy is to deliver a nucleic acid based drug to either correct or destroy the cells harbouring the genetic aberration. More recently cancer gene therapy has evolved to also encompass delivery of RNA interference technologies, as well as cancer DNA vaccines. However the bottleneck in creating such nucleic acid pharmaceuticals lies in the delivery. Deliverability of DNA is limited as it is circulating nucleases, therefore numerous strategies have been employed to aid with biological transport. This review will discuss some of viral and non viral approaches to breast to breast cancer therapy an present the findings of clinical trials of these therapies in breast cancer patients. Also detailed are some of the most recent developments in non viral approaches to targeting in breast cancer gene therapy. This include transcriptional control, and the development of recombinant, multifunctional bio- inspired system.   Keywords: Breast carcinoma, Mutation, Gene therapy, Point mutation.

Covid ‘19 is a pandemic disease, spread all over the world. Covid ‘19 was first detected in Wuhan, China and it was first reported to the WHO country office on 31st December 2019. Covid ‘19 was spread through Corona Virus, this virus initially infected the respiratory tract than to lungs. In the beginning, Covid ‘19 was suspected to spread only with community transformation, later it was assumed that it is an airborne, waterborne, and community transformation disease. Recent clinical research reveals that Corona virus causing mutations and point mutations, still cause is unknown. Covid ‘19 is unstable in the living body, once coronavirus is found positive to a person involving in multiple complications in the body such as cardiovascular dysfunction, renal dysfunction, and other complications in the body. Different Hospitals have shown that when a person was infected with Covid ‘19 that person was severe for breathing problem and collapsing with unknown cause. The affected person's life span was only 48 to 72 hours. The researcher scientists, clinicians are day-night trying to take any suitable solution to control and cure Covid ‘19. Covid ‘19 patients are found changes in their routine life. There is a change in their metabolic functions. There is a change in their physics and also in their Biochemical and Molecular parameters. Mostly their Protein synthesis and coagulation profiles are involved in Covid ’19. The present study is aimed to investigate the value of D- Dimer, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, C – Reactive Protein, Prothrombin Time, activate partial prothrombin time are the significant indicators of suspected COVID ’19 - Patients. Keywords: COVID 19 Patients, D- Dimer, Ferritin, Lactate dehydrogenase, C - Reactiveprotein, Prothrombin time, Activated partial prothrombin time.

Cancer also known as malignant neoplasm, is a broad group of various diseases. In cancer, cells divide and grow uncontrollably, forming malignant tumours, and invade nearby parts of the body. There are over 200 different known cancers that afflict humans. Malignant neoplastic lesions are the eighth leading cause accounting for 6.7% of the total medically certified deaths in India. Breast cancer is by far the most frequent cancer among women with an estimated 2.58 million new cancer cases diagnosed in 2019 (23% of all cancers), and ranks second overall (10.9% of all cancers). It is now the most common cancer both in developed and developing regions with around 690000 new cases estimated in each region (population ratio1:4). Breast cancer is the Most Common cancer in all urban areas in India, and 2nd most common in the rural areas. The most recent data Population Based Cancer Registry PBCR 2016 - 2018 tells us that breast cancer accounts for 25% to 31% of all cancers in women in cities(Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Bhopal etc.). Breast cancer alone accounts for around 14% of total female neoplasm deaths. Keywords: Serum ferritin, Lactate dehydrogenase, Gamma Glutamyltransferase.

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease which is caused by bacteria. The disease is mostly transmitted from person to person, usually by inhaling bacteria – carrying air droplets. Tuberculosis commonly affects the lungs, but it can also affect any other organ of the body such as brain, intestine, kidneys or the spine. Tuberculosis is one of the most ancient disease of mankind for more than four thousand years. It is a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and spreads from person to person through air. The new modalities are very much helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis, Unfortunately people are still suffering with this disease. Worldwide it is among the top ten killer infectious disease secondly to HIV and COVID 19. According to World Health Organisation(WHO) tuberculosis is a global pandemic. The present study shows a very strong significant for the assess of serum procalcitonin, adenosine deaminse, lactate dehydrogenase, calcium, phosphorus and thyroid stimulation hormone in tuberculosis patients. Keywords: Serum procalcitonin, Adenosine deaminase, Lactate dehydrogenase, Calcium, Phosphorus and thyroid stimulation hormone, Tuberculosis patients.

Today forensic and criminal investigations have an importance and reached at a certain point and goal of knowledge for the facts of true justice. The forensic science is the involvement of many different disciplines to solve a crime and to get the justice. Each fact of the forensic science plays an important role and for the resultantof the problem and criminal until it is completely solved and get the final result.  Forensic science is the branch of scientific knowledge and methodology for criminal investigations and legal problems and its complications. Forensic Science is a multidisciplinary subject, it comprises with various fields and branches of science such as medicine, engineering and social science etc. Criminal and forensic science majors will both science and criminal justice. In forensic science crimes analyze with physical evidences such as blood DNA, fingerprints etc. are definite witnesses which are very enough to prove for the true justice of criminal in the court of law.  Keywords: Autopsy, Death, Forensic.

Covid 19 is a pandemic disease, spread all over the world. Covid 19 was first detected in Wuhan, China and it was first reported to WHO country office on 31st December, 2019. Covid 19 was spread through Corona Virus, this virus was initially infected respiratory tract then to lungs. In the beginning Covid 19 was suspected to spread only with community transformation, later it was assumed that it is a airborn, waterborne and community transformation disease. Recent clinical research reveals that Corona Virus causing Mutations and Point Mutations, still cause is unknown. Covid 19 is unstable in the living body, Once Corona virus is found positive to a person involving in multiple complications in the body such as Cardiovascular Dysfunction, Renal Dysfuction and other complications in the body. Different Hospital shown that when a person was infected with Covid 19 that person was severe for breathing problem and collapsing with unknown cause. The affected person life span was only 48 to 72 hours. The researcher scientists, clinicians are day night trying to take any suitable solution to control and cure Covid 19.Covid 19 patients are found changes in their routine life. There is change in their metabolic functions. There is change in their physics and also in their Biochemical and Molecular parameters. Mostly their Protein synthesis and coagulation profiles are involved in Covid 19. Present study is aimed to investigate the value of D- Dimer, Ferritin, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Prothrombin Time, Activate Partial Prothrombin Time are the significant indicators of suspected COVID19-Patients. Keywords: COVID19-patients, D- Dimer, Ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, Prothrombin time, Activate partial prothrombin time.