Atul Shrivastava

Abstract

Introduction: Malaria is the most common infectious disease that affecting many people worldwide. Microscopic method is remain gold standard method for diagnosis but Hemazoin pigments produced by malaria are also scatter the laser light and producing abnormal scattergrams during CBC analysis & thus we have conducted this study to prove usefulness of 5-part automated hematology analyzer (LH-750) in presumptive diagnosis of malaria. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was done at pathology department of C.U. Shah Medical college & hospital, Surendranagar from November 2013 to April 2014. 2 ml of EDTA blood samples were collected and blood analysis was done on hematology analyzer (5-part LH – 750). Thick and thin blood films were prepared and stained with giemsa stain in all cases. Results: Among 100 positive cases out of 2710 samples, 63 cases were positive for plasmodium vivax and 37 cases were positive for plasmodium falciparum. Among 100 malaria positive cases, abnormal scattergram pattern was observed in 65 cases. In P.vivax group (n=63 cases), 50 cases showed abnormal scattergram out of 63 cases, having sensitivity of 79.36%. In P. falciparum group (n=37 cases), 15 cases showed abnormal scattergram out of 37 cases with having sensitivity of 40.54%. Various abnormalities found on WBC-DIFF scattergrams in patients of malaria were merging & graying of neutrophils & eosinophils clusters, prominent blue coded events below neutrophils clusters.(in RBC ghost region). Conclusion: Automated hematology analyzer is very important diagnostic tool for malaria with scattergram abnormalities are helpful in presumptive diagnosis of malaria. All such cases should be confirmed by gold standard method. Keywords: Malaria, Scattergram, Pseudo eosinophilia.

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Abstract

Introduction: Granulomas are common findings in biopsy of various organs. Granulomas are a characteristically focal circumscribed collection of histiocytes along with lymphocytes and giant cells. Objectives: Present study was undertaken to note the frequency and etiology of granulomatous inflammation in various organs by means of histopathology examination. Materials and Methods: The prospective study was conducted for five years (January 2011- December 2015) in pathology department of a medical college hospital. The study includes total 510 biopsies which were showing granulomatous origin. Results: Out of 510 total biopsies, largest number 430 biopsies diagnosed as tubercular inflammation (84.31%), followed by leprosy (5.09%), fungal origin (2.74%), parasitic (1.32%) and cases of granuloma of unknown etiology (1.78%). Conclusion: Most of the granuloma are of infective origin and tubercular granuloma is most common type of etiology in biopsies which shows granulomatous inflammation and lymphnode is the most common affected site. Key words: Granulomatous inflammation, Tuberculosis, Histopathological examination, ZN staining.

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Abstract

Introduction: Globally carcinoma breast is the leading cause of cancer death in women .Prognosis of such patients is related to a variety of Histomorphological features which includes, Histological grade, type, tumor size and lymph node metastases. Estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) and more recently, HER-2/neu have with increasing importance influenced the management of the malignancy. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out at tertiary care hospital which included 70 cases of breast cancer that we have reported at our department during a period from June 2012 to June 2014.Specimens were fixed overnight in 10% Neutral buffered formalin and processed as routine for H&E staining. Representative sections with tumour with adjacent normal breast tissue (internal control) were taken on Poly-L-Lysine coated slides and proceed for antigen retrieval, HRP Polymerization steps and than processed for ER, PR and HER-2/neu immuno-histochemical staining with respective antibody. Observation and Results: Maximum No. Of cases were in age group 5th and 6th decade with Invasive ductal carcinoma was predominately observed followed by invasive lobular carcinoma. Among 70 cases, 25 cases (35.71%) showing ER/PR+ HER 2- pattern which is predominant pattern in this study. While 23 cases (32.85%) showing Tripple negative pattern. Conclusion: most important cost effective, prognostic markers are estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status and HER2/neu status. Correlation of these marker status with clinical parameters helps in predicting the future treatment modalities and disease free survival for the patient in developing countries. Keywords: ER-Estrogen receptor, PR-Progesteron recptor, Immunohistochemistry.

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