Abhinav Manish

Dengue is one of the common and leading cause of mortality and morbidity in tropical countries specially in India. Its hepatotoxic effects have been demonstrated by the researchers over a long time. Dengue virus is a RNA virus, and known to have four serotypes and recently a fifth variant is also demonstrated in India. The effect of the different serotypes is seldomely investigated by the researchers. So we try to estimate the effect on Liver due to infection via different serotypes of Dengue virus. After taking the ethical clearance, from the ethical committee, A hospital based prospective study was conducted from August 2017 to November 2018, on patients attending OPD and IPD, of Medicine Department at Shri Mahant Indiresh Hospital Dehradun. 60 Dengue Positive cases were selected. RNA gets extracted using Reverse Transcriptase PCR, Conventional PCR and Real Time PCR techniques and further visualized using Agarose gel electrophoresis techniques at the CMRL (Central Molecular Research Laboratory), and liver Enzymes SGPT, SGOT, ALP, GGT were analyzed at Central Clinical Laboratory of SMI Hospital using the vitros 5600 fully autoanlyzer of the Orthoclinical diagnostics. Results were analyzed using suitable statistical tools.   Keywords: Dengue virus, Hepatotoxicity, Liver function, RT­PCR, Virus serotypes 1.

Enzyme-based, tissue-based, immunosensors, DNA biosensors, thermal and piezoelectric biosensors are explored here, revealing applications in medical fields to distinguish between natural and man-made substances. Some industries have implemented the use of biosensors, such as the food industry. Biosensors are used in metabolic engineering to enable in vivo monitoring of cell metabolism, in order to obtain accurate glucose concentrations, in fermentation industries and in saccharification processes to control its quality and safety. Biosensors and their role in medicine, including early detection of human interleukin 10, which causes heart disease, and rapid detection of human papillomavirus (HPV). It's an important aspect. Fluorescent biosensors play an important role in drug discovery and cancer diagnosis. Biosensing applications are widely used to find missing links in metabolic processes. Basically, biosensors serve as inexpensive and highly efficient devices for these purposes in addition to other routine applications.   Keywords: Biosensors, Bioelement, Immunosensors, Nanotechnology, Nanosensors.

Scrub typhus, a bacterial infection caused by Orientia Tsutsugamushi (formally Rickettsia) due to bite of the mite, and is increasing every year, and becomes a important cause of acute febrile illnesses. Due to lack of specific diagnostic facilities in most rural setups and non-specific clinical presentations, it becomes a challenge for clinician to correctly diagnose it on clinical examination. Clinically it presents with non-specific febrile illnesses with constitutional symptoms such as fever, rash, myalgia and headache or with organ dysfunction involving kidneys, lungs, liver, central nervous system or with circulatory collapse with hemorrhagic features. Eschar is the characteristic lesion which is present at the bite site of mite. Later an ulcer with black necrotic centre and regional lymphadenopathy occurs. Renal involvement in the form of Acute Renal Failure is seen very occasionally in these patients. So this Case-control study is designed for a period of six months which are october-2018 to march-2019, comparing 80 ELISA(Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay) confirmed cases of scrub typhus and 50 healthy controls. Statistically significant difference in Urea, Creatinine and Uric acid levels were found between two groups, using 't'-test with the significance value of P   Keywords: Scrub typhus, Acute renal failure, Orientia tsutsugamushi, Urea, Creatinine, Uric acid.

Corona viruses (RNA viruses) belongs to Coronaviridae family, comes under Nidoviridae family. It becomes important public health concern since the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (SARS-CoV) outbreak in 2002 from Guangdong Province of Southern China. Continuous evolution of corona viruses was further highlighted with the emergence of Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome(MERSCoV) outbreak in 2012 from Saudi-Arabia. Currently major concern is about the 2019 Novel CoV-2(SARSCoV- 2) that was initially identified in city of Wuhan, Hubei Province of China in December 2019. After the index case notified in China, First case of CoViD-19 was confirmed in January 2020 from India, and in March 2020 from Uttarakhand. In India there are about 800,000 active cases and about 150,000 deaths because of CoViD-19 by October 2020. Despite of that 70,00,000 cases recovered and get discharged from the CoViD centres. Uttarakhand contributed about 6000 active cases, 52000 recoveries and 1000 deaths by October 2020.Nonetheless, as the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV were zoonotic infections but Recently, evidence of Inter-human only transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been accumulated and thus, the outbreak seems to be spreading among humans throughout a large parts of Uttarakhand even in the hilly areas also. Here we are providing an update on features of CoViD-19, and Providing possible solutions how to halt expansion of this pandemic and also some updates on Convalescent Plasma.  Keywords: CoViD- 19, Convalescent Plasma, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV.

The episode of acute febrile illnesses increases day by day due to poor socioeconomic status in developing nations. Dengue and Chikungunya are emerged as important arboviral and alpha virus diseases respectively, with significant impact on disease burden residing these areas. Both viruses, seems to have hepato-toxic effect. Affiliation of liver in form of derangement in liver function tests is common. Present study focuses on the hepatic manifestations of the liver injury in dengue and chikungunya patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients attending Out-patients and In-patients Department of Medicine at Shri Mahant Indiresh Hospital Dehradun. 161 cases were included in the study. 5 ml of blood sample from each of them is collected in a sterile test tube. The blood samples were analyzed via RT-PCR technique at Central Molecular Research Lab in Biochemistry Department of Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute Of Medical and Health Sciences Dehradun and Liver profile was analyzed at SMI Hospital. Liver enzymes were found to be raised in male as well as in females for both dengue and chikungunya. But dengue was found to be more hepato-toxic when compared to chikungunya with statistical significance value ( Keywords: Febrile illness, Dengue, Chikungunya, Hepatotoxic, RTPCR.