Syeda Sadiya Ikram

Aim: This study aims to compare accommodative functions between the dominant and non dominant eyes. Materials and Methods: A comparative study done in 50 healthy subjects include both males and females with age group ranging between (18 -25 years). It was a hospital-based study conducted in the outpatient department of Ophthalmology. The comparison of accommodative function between dominant and non-dominant eyes is measured to determine which eye shows a higher level of accommodative function. This study has been approved by IRB committee, before beginning this study informed consent has been given and the procedure has been explained clearly, 50 Young emmetropic adults were included. All participants were subjected to comprehensive ophthalmic examination including vision, refraction, Intraocular pressure measurements, slit-lamp examination, the dominance of eye is determined using the hole in the card method and Accommodative functions like the Monocular estimated method (MEM), Near the point of accommodation (NPA) and Accommodative facility (AF) done to find out the ocular dominance. Result: This study shows a higher level of accommodative function in all aspects of accommodative factor such as Monocular estimated method (MEM), near the point of accommodation (NPA) and accommodative facility in the dominant eye. The Mean and Standard deviation value shows a significant difference in all parameters in the dominant eye with a t-value of 7.055(p=.000) when comparing with the Non dominant eye. Conclusion: Comparing the accommodative function between the Dominant and Non dominant eye we concluded that the Near Point of accommodation and accommodation facility were observed more in the dominant eye as compared with the non dominant eyes. The mean accommodative lead was found to be greater than the normal individual (dominant eye). Hence, it is concluded that the dominant eye has a better accommodative function than the non dominant eye.   Keywords: MEM­ Monocular estimation method, NPA­ Near point of accomodation, AF­ Accommodative facility.

Objective: The study was done to assess the pre and post awareness of eye health care and importance of regular eye test to detect ocular and systemic conditions which may be asymptomatic. Materials and Methods: This study done on 278 subjects, age group between 18-30years. 65% of the subjects are females and 35% of them are males are included. In this questionnaire study, pre and post data is collected among health care students on pre-eye examination, participants were asked questions on their demographic detail, Eye examination, visual symptoms, ocular symptoms, visual aids, safety eye wear, importance of eye examination and a pamphlet is shown to create knowledge, awareness after which post awareness data is collected. Results: A total of 278 subjects were participated, our result showed a significant improvement in increasing awareness, knowledge level in post intervention of health care students regarding visual health awareness and eye care. Overall knowledge before intervention was low 55.43% and was increased to 87.1% after intervention. Conclusions: Awareness programs in eye care can have a positive effect on raising the profile of eye health services within health systems, thereby increasing the knowledge, confidence, and motivation in health care students.   Keywords: Visual awareness, Eye examination, Eye care, Knowledge on eye health.

Aims: This study aims to compare and measure the reliability, repeatability of USP and NCP (NIDEK NT530P) clinically. Settings and Design:  It was a hospital-based comparative study conducted in the outpatient department of Ophthalmology, CCT measurements were taken by NCP (NIDEK NT530P) and USP. Materials and Methods: This study done on 50 subjects, age group between 18-25 Years and it’s approved by IRB committee, subjects with emmetropia and low myopia only were included. Participants were subjected to comprehensive ophthalmic examination, Corneal thickness measurement taken with NCP(NIDEK NT530P) and USP. To eliminate the effect of diurnal variations on thickness all measurements were taken between 2 PM -6 PM.CCT measurements was first taken by NCP (Nidek NT530P) five readings were taken followed by USP. Eyes was anesthetized, and the probe placed perpendicularly on the cornea and the readings were observed in the display. The test was repeated five times and the mean values was calculated. Results: The results were well inside the normal range and there are no significant measurements obtained by these devices.   Keywords: USP ­ Ultra Sonic Pachymetry, CCT ­ Central Corneal Thickness, NCP -Non­Contact Pachymetry, D - Dioptre

Objective: Objective of our study was to determine the awareness, knowledge of spectacles wear to contact lens among health care students after interventions and to find which is more advisable. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire study was done on 140 healthy subjects, age group between 18-25 years, subjects with ametropic only were included. In this questionnaire study, pre and post data is collected among health care students regarding awareness, knowledge of spectacles to contact lenses, On pre examination participants were asked questions on their demographics, spectacles history, contact lens, history of contact lens usage, care practice and their related complications and video is shown to create awareness after which post awareness data is collected. Results: A total of 140 undergraduate ametropic health care students comprising of 97 (69%) females and43 (30%) males aged 18-25 participated in this study. Out of total participants, a greater majority of 52 (52%) participants were not aware of usage of refractive error correction a pre assessment and post assessment seventy one(71%) achieved awareness regarding usage of refractive error corrections. Conclusions: Awareness and knowledge increasing public awareness, knowledge of spectacles to contact lens can improve the effectiveness of result from 47.1% to 89.5%. In this study out of total participants a great majority of 52.1% subjects were not aware of usage of refractive error correction in pre-assessment after providing them with adequate knowledge, the result improve to 71.4% in post- assessment data.   Keywords: Awareness, Knowledge, Spectacles, Contact lens.

Aims: To compare accommodation facility and vergence facility in eyes with myopia and emmetropia. Materials and Methods: It was a hospital-based comparative study conducted in the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology. Accommodative and vergence facility measurements were taken with accommodative and vergence flippers. This study was done on 50 subjects, age group between 18-30 Years and it was approved by the IRB committee. This study has done to compare the values of accommodative facility and vergence facility between myopic emmetropic patients. The accommodative facility was measured using accommodative flippers. It was done both monocularly and binocularly for each subject at 3m and 40cm. Vergence facility was measured using vergence flippers. Results: It was confirmed that Accommodative facility [Distance and Near] in right eye, left eye, and botheye was observed as significantly lesser in Myopic patients than Emmetropia. Also, the Vergence facility wasobserved as significantly lesser in Myopic patients than the Emmetropic patients. Conclusions: A reduced accommodative facility and vergence facility was found in myopes in comparison to emmetropia. At both distance and near, the mean facility was less for myopic eyes in comparison with emmetropic eyes. Keywords : Accommodative facility, Vergence facility, Myopia, Emmetropia

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of lower concentration of Atropine 0.01% in promoting unaided visual acuity and slowing down the progression of myopia in children over 6 months. Settings and Designs: It was a hospital-based comparative study in the outpatient department of Ophthalmology, AL, LT, ACD, PPD, SPD, PGP were taken by Lenstar and Lensometer. Methods and Materials: The Comparative study was performed on 60 children from 9 to 15 years age group with initial myopic spherical equivalence from 0.5 to 6.00 D. The children were screened for visual acuity for distance and near using Snellen’s chart. Cycloplegic Refraction was done to know the presence of Refractive Errors. This study was approved by IRB Ethical Committee. (SCAHS/IRB/2022/JULY/420).The inclusion criteria include Ammetropic children with no binocular vision anomalies and no history of ocular disease. The primary outcome was the rate of myopic progression after 6 months. The participants were instructed to use Atropine 0.01% eye drops during night times for 6 months and the rate of myopic progression and the spherical equivalence, axial length, lens thickness, anterior chamber depth, photopic and scotopic pupil diameter were re-assessed to compare the progression of myopia in the children. Results: Sixty children enrolled for six months study in which the mean progression of myopia was found to be within 0.27D and axial elongation shows 0.23 mm changes respectively, whereas there were no significant changes in the anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, photopic and scotopic pupil diameter before and after assessment in children. Conclusion: Spherical power, Axial Length, Anterior Chamber Depth, Lens Thickness, Photopic Pupil Diameter and Scotopic Pupil Diameter all showed significant progression from pre to post stages, with the average post reading deviating by 0.25 from the normal limits.   Keywords: Axial Length ­ AL, Anterior Chamber Depth ­ ACD, Lens Thickness ­LT, Photopic and Scotopic Pupil DiameterPPD, SPD, Present glass prescription ­PGP