Kavya

Abstract

Introduction: Heel bone of Horses was used by the soldiers as dice; hence the heel bone became called Taxillus means ’die’. The articular morphology of the human skeleton is subject to modifications by stresses imposed upon it. Since it is a weight-bearing bone, sexual dimorphic features ensure the correct identification of sex in optimum situations when the entire skeleton is present and well preserved and is from a known population, the totality of sexually dimorphic features ensures the correct identification of sex. However, the optimum situation is all too rare. Hence this study aims at the identification of the sex of an unknown skeleton. Materials and Methods: The materials for the present study consisted of 96 humans dry Tali of unknown age and sex obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Centre of basic Sciences, Bejai, Mangalore and on X- Rays of 96 healthy normal subjects whose age and sex are known who were referred as patients within the data collection period to the Department of Radiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. Results: The right-sided talus exhibited higher dimensions compared to the rest. By the demarcating point method, only a very few Tali were sexed correctly, 14.58% (14) in dry talus. Conclusion: The study provides indications that talus forms one of the important Bone for diagnosis of sex and could be effectively used as an alternative in forensic cases. Keywords: Sex determination, Talus, Radiology.

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Introduction: The anatomy of arterial variational pattern of lower limb are utmost important for catheterization, reconstructive procedures and surgical intervention for embolism. LCFA is used as a long vascular pedicle in anterolateral perforator thigh flap and in breast reconstruction after mastectomy. Ignorance of variations can lead to fatal intraoperative haemorrhage and incapacitating sensory and motor deficit due to injury to femoral nerve branches which are closely related to these vessels1. Aims and Objective: The study aims at the origin of LCFA and its origin from main arterial origin; 1: Origin of LCFA is it from PFA or FA; 2: Distance of origin from PFA those which are branches of PFA& FA respectively. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in 50 formalin-fixed lower limbs from the Department of Anatomy, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute and Bowring & Lady Curzon Medical College & Research Institute, Bangalore. Dissection of PFA and its branches were carried out & the following parameters were observed and photographed. Percentage of origin of LCFA from PFA / FA. Distance of origin of LCFA from PFA/FA. Measurements were done using digital callipers. Result: Origin of LCFA was from PFA in 46 cases (92%) & FA in 4 (8%). The mean distance of origin of LCFA was 2.3 cm (range 0.3-7 cm). 1: 38 (82.6%) were 0.3-2.8 cm from PF & 8 (17.4%) were 2.9-5.8 cm from PF; 2: (50%) were 0.3-3 cm from FA & 2 (50%) were 3.1-7 cm from FA. Keywords: Lateral circumflex femoral artery, Profunda femoris artery, Femoral artery, Femoral nerve.

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Introduction: The collar bone is an atypical long bone having a nutrient foramen in the middle one third of the clavicle, along its superior border. The knowledge of the neurovascular foramina of the clavicle is clinically important as the structures are routinely dealt in surgical practice. The aim of the present investigation was to study the topographic anatomy and morphology of the neurovascular foramina in human adult clavicles as it is enlightening for the operating surgeon in vascularized bone grafts surgeries. Materials and Methods: The study included 104 adult clavicles (54 right sides and 50 left) of unknown age and sex without any external damage, which were obtained from the osteology section of the anatomy laboratory of our department. All the bones were observed using a magnifying lens for the number, location, and direction of the nutrient foramina. The data were collected on a standardized sheet and morphologically analyzed. Results and conclusions Results and Conclusions: The neurovascular foramina were observed in 101 (97.11%) clavicles and found absent in 3 clavicles (2.88%), the foramen was observed on the posterior surface contrary to mentioned in literature. The present study has provided additional information about the topographical anatomy and morphology of the foramina of this bone. Knowledge of the localization of nutrient foramina can be useful in certain surgical procedures to preserve the circulation. As the microvascular bone transfer is becoming more popular, we believe that a convention for the accurate anatomical description of these foramina is important. Keywords: Clavicle, Nutrient foreman, Long bone.

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Introduction: The talus is the tallest bone in the foot and also one of the bones that makes up the ankle joint. The treatment options available for Talar pathology are limited with unsatisfactory results affecting the quality of life. However, very little is reported in the literature about the morphology of the talus. A better understanding of ankle anatomy is essential for better design of ankle prosthesis, especially when aiming to restore the Normal Anatomy of the Ankle joint. Aim: This study was aimed at measuring various dimensions of Talus on Radiographs and its measurements can act as baseline data and help in designing better anatomically and functionally effective prosthesis. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on patients between the age group of 25 years to 50 years who were scheduled for anteroposterior and lateral plain ankle radiographs because of clinical hindfoot symptoms. All patients without radiological pathologies, fully able to load the foot were included in the study. In a sample size of 96 m easurements such as length, breadth, height and intermalleolar distance were noted down for 2 years in the Department of Radiology, K.M.C. Mangalore. Results: As observed in the study the right Tali exhibited greater measurements than the Left. Conclusions: An anatomical compatible prosthesis can be developed due to the baseline data available and keeping in mind that right Talus exhibited higher measurements than left, hence prosthetic design would vary for each side. Keywords: Talus, Prosthesis, Morphometry.

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