Yogesh Yadav

Abstract

Introduction: Shoulder arthroplasty offers pain relief and improvement in patients of shoulder arthritis. It need proper fixation of glenoid cavity to prevent loosening, a common cause for surgery. As glenoid cavity is small, it permits only a tight spot for limited fixation devices. So, knowledge of the morphological data of various parameters of glenoid cavity is of utter importance.  Materials and Methods: An observational cross-Sectional study was done on 66 unpaired human scapulae. They belong to adult population of North India and of unknown sex. Superior-inferior diameter and Anterior-posterior diameter of maximum distance at the glenoid cavity were measured and based on these measurements index of glenoid cavity calculated. Result and Discussion: The shape of the glenoid cavity was classified on basis of the presence or absence of a notch on the glenoid rim as pear shaped, inverted comma shaped and oval shaped. All the parameters exhibit a greater value for the right side. The ethnic and racial variations could be the explanation for difference seen between the values of present study and that of other workers. The above mentioned parameters may be taken into consideration while doing shoulder arthroplasty and designing glenoid prostheses for North Indian population. Conclusion: Extensive and detail knowledge of various data of the glenoid cavity measurements is important for the anatomists, orthopaedicians, prosthetists, and anthropologists. Keywords: Glenoid cavity, Glenoid notch, Shape of Glenoid cavity, Glenoid prostheses, Shoulder arthroplasty.

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Abstract

When one or more of the person’s metatarsal bones are unusually small is known as hypoplastic metatarsal or Brachymetatarsia. Metatarsal are 5 miniature bones which present between the tarsal bones and the phalanges of the foot. This may cause significant pain and the toes appear to be short abnormally. Incidence of brachymetatarsia is one in 2,000 people. Women are affected more. Down’s syndrome and other genetic conditions may also increase the incidence of brachymetatarsia. To treat brachymetatarsia surgeons have two choices-corrective footwear or surgery. In the present case we found shortening of fourth toe of both foot in 45 year old male without any complaints or similar familial incidence. Keywords: Brachymetatarsia, Metatarsal hypoplasia, Bilateral 4th toe shortening, Short fourth toes, Congenital brachymetatarsia.

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Introduction: Asphyxia could occur in various situations like: Traumatic asphyxia, Hanging, Choking, Smothering, Strangulation, poisoning, etc. There are both external and internal general features to diagnose fatal asphyxia macroscopically such as: a) External (i) ligature mark (ii) congestion, cyanosis & petechial hemorrhages. b) Internal – fluidity of blood, dilatation of right chamber of heart and visceral congestion. Materials and Methods: An observational Cross sectional study was carried out in Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad. A total 58 cases of fatal neck compression were included in this study during. All the cases with alleged history of fatal neck compression were included in the study, except where the dead body was severely decomposed, that would effect the observation of findings. In study the aim was to find out the different associated lesions, injuries / fracture of the organo-complex of the larynx, bleeds in the tongue, hemorrhage in the tonsils and tonsilar beds. Results: Majority cases of hanging were seen in young adult age group of 20 ± 30 years. The overall male : female ratio in cases of hanging was 11:1. Majority cases of hanging were suicidal. Neck compression and hanging were seen between time interval of 6 + AM to 12 noon. Congestion of the face was observed in 60.86%. Hemorrhage in Sub-conjunctiva, strap muscle, tongue, epiglottis and tonsil were seen in 13%, 23.91%, 13.04%, 20% and 15.21% cases respectively. Hyoid bone fracture was present in 13.04% while thyroid cartilage fracture was present in 4.34%. Conclusion: According to the present study hanging is more common in young adults mostly suicidal in nature. congestion of face is most significant external feature in hanging while tonsillar heamorrage is significant internal feature. Keywords: Hanging, Asphaxia, External neck injury, Internal neck injury, Ligature mark.

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Introduction: An accurate gestational age is must for Obstetricians and Gynecologists to make appropriate decisions, for identify and counseling women who are at risk of a preterm delivery and to evaluation of fetal growth and the detection of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). In our present study, we worked on fetal tibial length & foot length and found that in normal growing fetus, fetal tibial length increase with advancing gestational age and regression analysis showed a strongly significant relationship between gestational age and fetal tibial length. Materials and Methods: 100 pregnant women underwent ultrasonographic measurements of Tibia and Foot Length from 15 to 36 weeks of gestation, in the Radio diagnosis Department. Results: In our study, we found the earliest age at which Tibia and foot length could be seen by ultrasound was 15 weeks of gestation and mean tibia length 10.25± 0.50, mean foot length is 17.5±1.29 while at 36 weeks of gestation are 70.80±0.84 and 64.4±3.28 respectively. A strongly significant relationship has been observed between fetal foot length and gestational age by regression analysis. Conclusion: Fetal tibia length and foot length can be considered as one of the good parameter for the determination of gestational age. Keywords: Fetal tibial length, Fetal foot length, Gestational age by USG.

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