Seema Singh

Abstract

Colorectal carcinogenesis (CRC) is a significant health issue in developing countries. It ranks as the third most common outcome of cancer death. New drugs are required to lower the prevalence of this ailment despite a multitude of therapeutic choices. As CRC develops, several signaling pathways pathways are activated. Among the important signaling pathways are the p53, Delta-Notch, Wnt/-catenin, Salvador-Warts-Hippo (SWH), and Kelch-like ECH assocd protein 1 pathways. This paper summarises the aetiology of CRC as well as the related death of cells and cell signal transduction pathways.   Keywords: Cell signalling, Signal transduction, Colon cancer.

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Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a worldwide community health problem in people with type, 2 diabetes obesity and long-term hyperglycemia may cause renal vascular complications. The aim of this study was to see if there was any connection between BMI, haemoglobin and CKD in DM patients. This case study was conducted in department of Medicine, Era?s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, ERA University, Lucknow. The analysis was performed for 18 months.When compared to CKD patients, the non-CKD group's mean BMI was marginally higher. Older age, female sex, hypertension, and diet plant were all linked to the involvement of CKD in multivariable study. There was same connection between CKD and haemoglobin in this study. The negative relationship between BMI, Hb and CKD could indicate reverse causality. While a diabetic patient's BMI does not cause them to develop CKD, it is possible that CKD causes them to have a lower BMI and Hb level.   Keywords: Hb, CKD, Hypertension, Smoking, Diabetic, Era university.

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