Guru Prasad Manderwad

Abstract

Introduction: Pneumonia is the inflammation of the lung and several bacterial etiological agents are known to cause the infection. Studies have shown several gram negative bacteria including Pseudomonas spp, Klebsiella spp and gram positive bacteria such as Streptococcus spp are known to cause infection. In the present study we aim to evaluate the spectrum of bacterial isolates and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern isolated from BAL specimen. Materials and Methods: The retrospective study was carried out in a tertiary care center over a period of one year. The isolates were evaluated and identified with antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Results: The overall BAL specimen processed in a year were 90, in which culture were positive in 28 cases (31%). The organisms isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa , grown in 15 cases (52%), Klebsiella pneumoniae grown in 7 cases (28%), Escherichia.coli grown in 3 cases (10%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 3 cases (10%). Most of the organisms are sensitive to antibiotics . Conclusion: The present study has shown the most common isolate at our tertiary centre was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by Klebsiella spp and in gram positive bacteria the common organism isolated was Streptococcus pneumoniae. Our results contribute to evaluate the common prevalent organisms causing pneumonia and also helps in improving the epidemiological knowledge. Department of Microbiology, Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, LB Nagar, Hyderabad- 500068, Telangana, India. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Symptoms of pneumonia, Bacteria isolated.

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Abstract

Background: Urinary tract infections constitute a large percentage of cases encountered in outpatient departments at tertiary care hospitals. These infections have been associated with a rise in antimicrobial resistance, leading to high morbidity and mortality. This rise in drug resistance has been linked to an increase in unauthorized, unregularized use of higher generations of antibiotics, leading to the prevalence of multi drug resistant organisms in the community. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence of various uropathogens in the general population, along with their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Materials and Methods: The study has been carried out for a period of six months, during which a total of 872 urine samples were collected from the outpatient department at Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Hyderabad. Urine samples were subjected to bacterial culture and significant bacterial growth was identified using the colony count method. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using an automated VITEK 2 compact system. Results: A total of 236 cases (27.1%) showed significant growth of uropathogens. The common organisms isolated were These organisms were seen more commonly in females. Multidrug resistance has been noted in multiple uropathogens, especially to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. Conclusion: This study documented an increase in antimicrobial resistance of the uropathogens isolated at the outpatient department. Judicious use of antibiotics may aid in prevention of spread of antimicrobial drug resistance in the general population.   Keywords: UTI, Uropathogens, Antimicrobial resistance.

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