Manoj Kumar Katual

Abstract

The novel SARS-CoV-2 corona virus that emerged in the city of Wuhan, China, in 2019 and has since caused a large scale COVID-19 epidemic and spread to more than 190 other countries is the product of natural evolution, according to findings published today in the journal Nature Medicine. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause illnesses ranging widely in severity. The first known severe illness caused by a coronavirus emerged with the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic in China. A second outbreak of severe illness began in 2012 in Saudi Arabia with the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). On December 31 of last year, Chinese authorities alerted the World Health Organization of an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus causing severe illness, which was subsequently named SARS-CoV-2. As of February 20, 2020, nearly 167,500 COVID-19 cases have been documented, although many more mild cases have likely gone undiagnosed. The virus has killed over 6,600 people. Shortly after the epidemic began, Chinese scientists sequenced the genome of SARS-CoV-2 and made the data available to researchers worldwide. The resulting genomic sequence data has shown that Chinese authorities rapidly detected the epidemic and that the number of COVID-19 cases have been increasing because of human to human transmission after a single introduction into the human population. Andersen and collaborators at several other research institutions used this sequencing data to explore the origins and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 by focusing in on several tell-tale feature. Keywords: COVID-19, Severe acute respiratory syndrome.

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Abstract

The current article is based on the concept to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of a model drug, Rosuvastatin Calcium, which is BCS class-II drug with anti-hyperlipidemic potential. The reported bioavailability from oral route of drug is only 20%. So aim of current study is to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of a poorly water-soluble drug Rosuvastatin Calcium, by solid dispersion technique. Physical mixtures and solid dispersions were prepared using natural polymers A. Marmelos in different to drug to carrier ratios. Prepared formulations were characterized in solid state by FTIR analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy and in-vitro dissolution study. Solid state characterizations indicated the Rosuvastatin Calcium was present in amorphous form and entrapped in polymer matrix. In contrast to the very slow dissolution rate of pure Rosuvastatin Calcium, the dispersion of the drug in the polymers considerably enhanced the dissolution rate. The mixtures of solid dispersion and excipients were evaluated for pre-compression parameters. After then fast dissolving tablets were prepared by direct compression technique. The formulated tablets were evaluated by post compression parameters. In-vitro drug release performance of the developed formulations was investigated. Keywords: Solid Dispersion. Natural gums, Anti-lipidemic activity.

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Abstract

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is effecting 7-10 million people of worldwide as the report of WHO 2014. It has proved to be 2nd most a neuro-degenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). It occurs due to the death of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia-nigra, a region of the midbrain. It is characterized by tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, dementia, depression and falls or emerges with the progression of the disease. Ropinirole HCl is a low molecular weight, highly water soluble drug. It is rapidly absorbed from the G.I.T and mean peak plasma concentrations have been achieved within 1.5 h after oral doses. The oral bioavailability of Ropinirole HCl is 50% due to extensive first pass metabolism by the liver. Its mean plasma half-life is 5–6 h. The present study tries to enlighten the prior art related to Parkinson's treatment and to prepare Ropinirole HCl loaded Nano-structured lipid carriers (NLC) that may overcome the problem of bioavailability and bypass the blood brain barrier by preparing the intra-nasal drug delivery targeted to the brain thereby decreasing the dosing frequency and increasing patient compliance. Keywords: Parkinson's Disease, Bioavailability, NLC, Nano-technology.

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Abstract

The major focus of the present investigation is to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of Rosuvastatin Calcium. Preaparation of Solid dispersions of Rosuvastatin Calcium by using Vitamin E TPGS, A.Marmelos, and Gum Karaya as carriers in different ratios through solvent evaporation method. As Solid dispersions have been traditionally used effective techniques to improve the dissolution properties and bioavailability of poorly-soluble drugs. The model drug selected Rosuvastatin Calcium, which is BCS class-II drug with anti-hyperlipidemic potential. The reported bioavailability from oral route of drug is only 20%. So aim of current study is to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of a poorly water-soluble drug Rosuvastatin Calcium, by solid dispersion technique. Physical mixtures and solid dispersions were prepared using Vitamin E TPGS, MGK & natural polymers A.Marmelos in different to drug to carrier ratios, dispersions were prepared by solvent evaporation technique. Prepared formulations were characterized in solid state by FTIR analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy and in-vitro dissolution study. The aqueous solubility of Rosuvastatin Calcium was favored by presence of both the polymers. Solid state characterizations indicated the Rosuvastatin Calcium was present in amorphous form and entrapped in polymer matrix. In contrast to the very slow dissolution rate of pure Rosuvastatin Calcium, the dispersion of the drug in the polymers considerably enhanced the dissolution rate. Solid dispersion prepared with TPGS showed maximum 91.19% Drug release. The best formulation of solid dispersion selected and subjected to fast dissolving tablets. The mixtures of solid dispersion and excipients were evaluated for pre-compression parameters. After then fast dissolving tablets were prepared by direct compression technique. The formulated tablets were evaluated by post compression parameters. In-vitro drug release performance of the developed formulations was investigated. Followed by that, the release mechanism of the formulations was also studied by applying various kinetic models. The overall results revealed that the formulated fast dissolving tablets complied with the standards and exhibited satisfactory performance in terms of drug release and other related parameters. Keywords: Solid Dispersion. Natural gums, Anti-lipidemic activity.

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