Preeti Sharma

Abstract

Backgrounds: Pregnancy is a period of increased demands of metabolism with changes in physiology of pregnant women and the requirements of oxygen increase in both mother and fetus. In Pregnancy due to increase demand of oxygen lead to development of oxidative stress within maternal circulation as well as in the placenta. The objective was to estimate Oxidative stress and antioxidant level in pregnancy as compare to non pregnant women. Materials and Methods: An observational cross sectional study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynaecology departments at Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad and SMMH Medical College, Saharanpur, from November 2019 to April 2020. A total sample of 74 cases was taken of which 37 non pregnant and 37 pregnant women were within the age group of 18 - 40 years. 3 ml of venous blood was collected using a disposal syringe under aseptic condition in a, EDTA vial. 2.0 ml blood (plasma) was used for estimation of MDA and 1.0 ml blood for estimation of CATALASE. Results: The assessment of oxidants and antioxidants reveal highly significant increase (p the levels of Malondialdehyde in Pregnant women when compared to non-Pregnant women and highly significant decrease (p non Pregnant women. Karl Pearson’s Coefficient Correlation, showed negative correlation between MDA and Catalase. Conclusion: The present study revealed that MDA level is significantly increased antioxidant and Catalase is significantly decreased in pregnant women as compared to non –pregnant women. Hence, the hypothesis that oxidative stress occured in pregnancy was strongly supported due to increased concentration of Malonadialdehyde and decreased concentration of Catalase in pregnant women. Keywords: Normal pregnancy, Oxidant, Antioxidants, Serum, MDA, Catalase.

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Abstract

Two endocrinopathies namely diabetes and thyroid disorders are most often encountered in general population either individually or together mutually influencing one another. Both the disorders have complex biochemical pathophysiology along with hormonal and genetic malfunctions. Thyroid hormones are important regulators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, pancreatic function while diabetes affects functioning of thyroid hormones to a variable extent. The main underlying basis of such link could be the interconnections between common signalling pathways among these disorders. Thyroid dysfunctions that are also associated with insulin resistance, when present in diabetic individuals can impair metabolic control. Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are reported to be associated diabetes mellitus. Researches that investigated the potentiality of thyroid hormone analogues to alleviate obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis are also being conducted in clinical practice. This requires a vivid knowledge of this multifarious and complex relationship between diabetes and thyroid hormone so that it can aid in optimisation of treatment modalities in diabetic patients. Thus, in this review article we emphasized on the incidence of thyroid disorders in diabetes and possible links between the two disorders. Keywords: Diabetes, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Euthyroid, Tri-iodothyronine, Thyroxine, Thyroid stimulating hormone.

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Abstract

Pregnancy is associated various physiological changes in order to ensure care, support and protection of the developing embryo and also prepare mother for labour and delivery. These changes influence all physical, physiological, biochemical and immunological status of the mother. Normal physiological changes that are observed include missed period, nausea, fatigue, motion sickness, mood swings, bloating, and tenderness in breast while biochemical and immunological changes include change in levels of blood levels of certain parameters like urea, creatinine, human chorionic gonadotropin, localisation of immune-modulators in uterus etc. This review highlights the important changes taking place during normal pregnancy so that it may aid in educating the expectant mothers regarding such changes facilitate them to cope up with proper health care. Keywords: Pregnancy, Trimester, Foetus, Biochemical, Physiological, Physical, Immunity.

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