Rishi Mehta

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes has become a global epidemic. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of loss of vision in diabetics. Since the global prevalence of diabetes is estimated to rise exponentially, the prevalence of DR is also bound to rise. Consequently, a large population will be at risk by DR in near future. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted on eligible diabetic patients. Demographic data and history was noted. A complete ophthalmic examination in which fundus was examined by +90 D and +20D lenses. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: Out of 291 eligible patients, 159 (55%)were males. 76 (26.11%) had DR of which 43 (27.04%)were males. For duration of diabetes (years) 10, DR was found in 5 (6.57%), 30 (39.47%) and 41 (53.94%) respectively. DR in age groups (years) of 80,was 1(2%),32(25%), 44(30%) and 9(100%) respectively. Mild, moderate, severe NPDR and PDR were found in 39(51.31%), 17(22.36%), 13 (17.1%) and 7 (9.2%) patients respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of DR is very high in Indian population. Diabetic patients are unaware of development of DR in early stages. The severity of DR rises with increase in duration of diabetes. Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, Prevalence, NPDR, PDR, Risk factors.

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Abstract

Introduction: Myopia is a refractive error in which ability to see an object at a distance is reduced. Not only is this widely prevalent but also there has been an increase in the prevalence of myopia around the globe. Myopia leads to short-sightedness and sometimes irreversible blindness. Myopic patients have to use optical device like spectacles or contact lenses which have recurring expenses or undergo a laser refractive surgery which is very expensive. Pathological myopia if complicated by retinal detachement leads to immense morbidity and financial burden. Although many hypotheses have been proposed, but definite cause has not been established. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on medical students. Detailed history and eye examination was done. Uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, visual acuity by pin-hole, colour vision cycloplegic refraction, tonometry and fundus examination were performed. Intraocular pressure, keratometry and axial length measurements were done. Myopia was classified into low (-0.5D to -2.00D), moderate (-2.25D to -6.00D) and high (>-6.00D). Myopia prevalence was calculated and then statistically analyzed. P Results: Out of 233 (107 males) students myopia was found in (123) 52.78%. Myopia was distributed in males and females as 54.47% vs. 45.52% (p Conclusion: Myopia was found to be highly prevalent in medical students. Greater time spent on near –work and indoor activities while lesser time on outdoor activities is a risk factor for myopia. Keywords: Cycloplegic refraction, Myopia, Medical students, Near vision, Prevalence.

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