Dakshina Bisht

Abstract

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide public health problem that requires urgent global attention and Gram-negative bacilli of the Enterobacteriaceae family are well-known for demonstrating drug resistance. These drug resistance microorganisms cause recurrent infections in patients in hospital units, limiting treatment alternatives and increasing morbidity and mortality rates. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Santosh Medical College and Hospital Ghaziabad. 150 Gram negative bacteria isolated from various clinical samples from both IPD and OPD patients were included in this study. Results: Among the Gram negative bacterial isolates maximum isolates were identified as E. coli (50%), Klebsiella species (20%), Citrobacter species (12%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10%), Acinetobacter species (07%) and Proteus species (04%). Enterobacteriacae isolate were sensitive to Imipenem (82.2%), Gentamycin (55.5%), Cefepime (42.2%), and resistant to Ampicillin (85.9%), Ceftriaxone (82.9%) and Levofloxacin (62.9%). Conculsion: Routine surveillance of baseline resistance, expressing of hospital antibiotic policy and compliance with current guidelines will go long way in reducing multi drug resistance among pathogens. Keywords: Antimicrobial, Metallo beta lactamase, Gram negative.

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Abstract

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide public health problem that requires urgent global attention and Gram-negative bacilli of the Enterobacteriaceae family well known for demonstrate drug resistance. These drug resistance microorganisms cause recurrent infections in patients in hospital units, limiting treatment alternatives and increasing morbidity and mortality rates. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology Santosh Medical College and Hospital Ghaziabad. 150 Gram negative bacteria isolated from various clinical samples from both IPD and OPD patients were included in this study. Result: Among the Gram negative bacterial isolates maximum isolates were identified as E. coli (50%), Klebsiella species (20%), Citrobacter species (12%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10%), Acinetobacter species (07%) and Proteus species (04%). Enterobacteriacae isolate were sensitive to Imipenem (82.2%), Gentamycin (55.5%), Cefepime (42.2%), and resistant to Ampicillin (85.9%), Ceftriaxone (82.9%) and Levofloxacin (62.9%). Conclusion: Routine surveillance of baseline resistance, expressing of hospital antibiotic policy and compliance with current guidelines will go long way in reducing multi drug resistance among pathogen. Keywords: Gram negative, Antimicrobial.  

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Abstract

Introduction: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) accounts for millions of deaths each year in children, mostly in developing countries. Wide range of pathogens including parasites, bacteria and viruses are responsible for AGE. The aim of this study was to isolate the bacterial and intestinal parasites associated with AGE in children below 5 years of age. Materials and Methods:  A cross sectional study was carried out in Department of Microbiology & Paediatrics Santosh Medical College and Hospital. 625 children with AGE were enrolled in the study. Stool samples were examined for the presence of parasites and cultured for microbial flora. Drug susceptibility testing for aerobic isolates was performed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Results: Among the bacterial isolates maximum isolates were Escherichia coli  291 (46.56 %), of which 32 (5.12 %) samples were identified as Enterohaemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC), 48 (7.68 %) isolates were identified as Shigella spp. while parasites  included Entamoeba histolytica 21 (3.36 %), followed by Giardia lamblia 14 (2.24 %), 81.78 E.coli isolates were sensitive to Ampicillin. All the Salmonella spp. isolates were sensitive to Co-trimoxazole. Conclusion:  Most frequently bacterial and parasitic isolates were E.coli Salmonella spp. and Entamoeba histolytica. This gives pre requisite for planning and evaluating interventional programmes associated with diarrhoeal illness and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern for effective treatment and to decrease disease burden. Keywords: Acute Gastroenteritis (AGE), Diarrhoea, Antimicrobial resistance, Intestinal parasites.

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