Ranjana Giri

Abstract

Background: Cyclin D1 is a vital protein that has a widespread role in cell cycle regulations, providing control over G1 to S Phase transition and governing cell proliferation rates.CyclinD1 overexpression has been reported in variety of tumors. Present study was carried out to the study the expression of cyclinD1 and its association with histopathological differentiation and stage of oral squamous cell carcinoma.  Materials and Methods: 48 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of biopsy specimens of oral squamous cell carcinoma were immunohistochemically evaluated for expression of cyclinD1. Result: CyclinD1 expression was seen in 98.5% (46) cases of OSCC. It did not correlate with site and staging. CyclinD1 expression was seen in 94.6% of well differentiated tumor,100% in moderately differentiated and 100% in poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma, but it was not statistically significant(p=0.065). Conclusion: Relatively higher frequency of Cyclin D1 immuno-reactivity observed in patients with less differentiated tumours suggest inverse correlation of Cyclin D1 expression with histological differentiation of tumour. Keywords: Cyclin D1, Grade, Stage, Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

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Introduction: Severe megaloblastic anemia presenting with hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and schistocytosis resemble microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Presence of scistocytes falsely decreases the Mean corpuscular volume. Aim: To estimate the degree of schistocytosis in megaloblastic anemia with hemolytic blood picture and its correlation with the lowering of MCV. Materials and Methods: 60 cases of megaloblastic anemia.30 patients of megaloblastic anemia with hemolysis(cases) and 30 patients without hemolysis(clinical control)were taken. Complete blood count, Peripheral smear examination, schistocyte count, serum bilirubin, LDH, Homocystine was done. Result: Mean age of clinical control group was 22 where as that of cases was 14.1 years. Mean serum homocysteine level was increased in both clinical control group and cases. In our study of 30 megaloblastic anemia patients with hemolysis (case), 29 had >1% of schistocytes in their peripheral blood picture. There is a positive correlation between percentage of schistocytes and homocysteine and a negative correlation between MCV and homocysteine. There is a statistically significant negative correlation existing between percentage of schistocytes and MCV. Conclusion: Presence of scistocytes in peripheral blood should not be always considered as MAHA, and lowering of MCV should not be confused as microcytic hypochromic anemia. Presence of macroovalocytes and hypersegmented neutrophils can be a clue for diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia with hemolysis in such type of cases. Keywords: MAHA, Decrease MCV, Schistocytes, Hemolysis, Megaloblastic anemia.

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Background: Metastatic ovarian carcinoid is a very rare entity which is usually of primary gastrointestinal origin. Distinction is difficult between pure primary ovarian carcinoid from metastatic carcinoid tumor of ovary, but distinction is very much crucial because it has clinical and prognostic implications. Case History: We are reporting a case of a 55yr old female presented with abdominal pain. Ultrasonography revealed bilateral solid ovarian mass. Macroscopically both the ovaries were enlarged, solid with surface nodularity. Morphology showed tumor cells mostly in insular and acinar configuration, round to oval nucleus, stippled chromatin and granular eosinophilic cytoplasm. IHC for synaptophysin and chromograin were strong positive. CDX2 was done which showed strong nuclear positive in 80% of tumor cells. The tumor was diagnosed as a metastatic carcinoid tumor to the ovary and primary tumor in the small intestine. Conclusion: This case was reported because of its rarity and usefulness of CDX2 to distinguish pure primary carcinoid from metastatic carcinoid to ovary. Keywords: Metastatic carcinoid tumor, Ovary, CDX2.

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Introduction: CD10 is a metalloproteinase (Zinc dependent) which is expressed in stroma of various epithelial malignancies. It is associated with biological aggressiveness of the tumor. Till now very few studies has been undertaken correlating CD10 with other prognostic markers like lymphnode status, tumor grade, stage, ER, PR, HER2-neu and ki67 in breast carcinoma. Aim: To see the CD10 expression in breast carcinoma and correlate it with ER, PR, HER2 neu and ki67. Materials and Methods: 55 cases of carcinoma breast were diagnosed on histology. Tissue microarray blocks were prepared and Immunohistochemistry was performed for ER, PR, HER2neu, Ki67 and CD10. Result: 32(58%) cases are CD10 positive and 23 (42%) cases are CD10 negative. Out of this 32 positive cases, 12 (22%) cases are weak positive and 20 (36%) cases are strong positive. CD10 is positively correlated with tumor grade.CD10 is negatively correlated with ER and PR status which is not statistically significant and no correlation is found between CD10 and HER2-neu. A positive correlation is seen between CD10 and ki67, but it is not statistically significant. Conclusion: CD10 expression is positively correlated with Ki67 and increasing tumor grade and whereas inversely correlated with ER and PR status. No correlation is seen between CD10 with lymph node status and HER2-neu. Keywords: Breast carcinoma, Histomorphology, IHC, Tissue microarray.

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