Vishal Rana

Abstract

Introduction: An ideal local anesthetic should act swiftly and be efficacious without causing discomfort or toxicity. Buffered anesthetic is useful when it comes to limiting toxicity because of the reduced volume that is needed and the decreased time it takes to be effective when compared with other conventional means. Buffered anesthesia uses sodium bicarbonate mixed into lidocaine prior to injection to neutralize the acid. Materials and Methods: All the patients were explicated about the study and its significance and valid informed consent was procured from those who were willing to participate in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the right and left sides of patient – side A and side B. Side A included patients that were injected with buffered solution [combination of LA with adrenaline 1:80,000 & sodium bicarbonate] and side B included patients that were injected with LA with adrenaline 1:80,000. Result: The results of this study confirm that the routine use of alkalinized local anesthetic solution in cases of acute head and neck infections may improve patients’ comfort and speed up the time of onset of anesthesia. In conclusion, the use of sodium bicarbonate as an adjunct in local anesthetics is convenient, safe, easy to dispense, and readily available.   Keywords: Buffered solution, Alkalization, Sodium bicarbonate, Anesthesia.

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Higher rates of local recurrences and second primaries, ascribable to field cancerization, are known problems in oral cancers. The present review explored utility of identification of potential recurrences by Raman spectroscopy, which has been shown to identify oral precancers, cancers, and field cancerization in humans and micro-sized mechanical irritation-induced tumours in animals. There is an urgent need for improved techniques for disease detection. The focus here, in vivo Raman spectroscopy (RS), measures inelastic light scattering with the vibrational and rotational modes of molecular bonds in cells/tissue. The Raman ‘signature’ can be used to assess physiological and/or altered pathological statuses. This information can supplement existing diagnostic techniques for screening and diagnosis, in interventional guidance for identifying disease margins, and in monitoring treatment responses. Using fiberoptic-based light delivery and collection, RS is performed on accessible tissue surfaces, either on the skin, in hollow organs or intraoperatively. The strength of RS lies in the high biochemical information content of the spectra, that show an array of narrow peaks associated with specific chemical bonds. This results in high sensitivity and specificity, e.g., to distinguish malignant/premalignant from normal tissues. An issue with Raman signal is that it is often weak, limiting clinical use to point-by-point measurements. Recent advances in instrumentation and spectral analysis have improved the feasibility of RS, so that it is now being investigated with increased success in cancer types, locations and for non-oncological conditions. This review covers recent advances and continuing challenges, with emphasis on clinical translation. Keywords: Oral cancer, Raman spectroscopy (RS), Surgical guidance, Anti­Stokes, Rayleigh scattering

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Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) are epithelial developmental cysts. It occurs Mainly in the second and third decades, with a slight predilection for males Usually, OKCs are solitary lesions. They may occur mostly in the Mandible; most commonly in the posterior body and Ascending ramus. Radiographically, OKCs present as A well defined radiolucent lesions with smooth and corticated margins. They may present as a Multilocular or unilocular radiolucent lesion. In most of the cases, there is an unerupted tooth involved with the Lesion.OKC’s is one of the most aggressive odontogenic Cysts due to its high recurrence rate and its tendency to invade adjacent tissue. Treatment Approaches vary in different studies from marsupialization and enucleation, which may be combined with Adjuvant therapy such as cryotherapy or Carnoy’s solution, BIPP to marginal or radical resection.   Keywords: KOT/OKC, Cyst, Enucleation, Marsupialization, Carnoy’s solution, BIPP

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Background: Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign, aggressive, destructive osteolytic lesion of osteoclastic origin. The three competing theories are that it could be a reactive lesion, a developmental anomaly or a benign neoplasm.CGCG of the jawbones can be classified as non-aggressive or aggressive. It has been observed that in a majority of the cases, the non-aggressive lesions are usually slow growing, symptom free and the treatment includes conservative surgical procedures. The treatment of aggressive CGCG is en-bloc resection which has a low recurrence rate, but requires major reconstruction. Case Report: The following report illustrates the differential diagnosis, surgery, final diagnosis and pathology of a non-aggressive CGCG in an 11-year-old boy, which was managed by curettage with peripheral ostectomy not requiring major reconstruction of the mandible. Conclusion: Surgery has always been considered to be the traditional treatment and it is still the most accepted. By preserving bone continuity prosthetic rehabilitation via implants can be safely performed. Keywords: Central giant cell granuloma, Non-aggressive lesion, En-bloc resection, Peripheral ostectomy.

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