Abdelrahman M A Saeed

Abstract

The PAEs of ciprofloxacin against Salmonella dublin, E. coli, Pasteurella multusida and Staphylococcus aureus were determined. Growth curves of the organisms were constructed with and without addition of antibiotics and the two curves were compared. The longest PAE when it was subjected to an antibiotic (1 mg/ml ciprofloxacin) was observed against Staphylococcus aureus (6 hours) and the shortest was against Pasteurella multocida (1–2 hours), whereas the PAE of 4 hours was found for Salmonella dublin. E. coli was found to be resistant to ciprofloxacin in all phases. Keywords: Ciprofloxacin, PAE, Salmonella dublin, E coli, Pasteurella multusida, Staphylococcus aureus.

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Abstract

An indigenous medicinal plant Mirabilis jalapa (family: Nyctaginaceae) was widely used as a traditional medicine in many parts of the world for treatment of various diseases: antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, anti tumours, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory agent, laxative, dysentery, muscular pain and abdominal colic. The research indicates the effectiveness of the seeds of 4-O’clock plant against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The seeds of the plant were collected, air dried, powdered and (100 gm.) subjected to gradient extraction using soxhlate apparatus. Ethanol 70% was used as a solvent. Three concentrations presenting 50% (500 mg/ml), 25% (250 mg/ml) and 12.5% (125 mg/ml) were prepared. In-vitro antibacterial assay of the ethanolic extract of the plant seeds was performed using agar wells diffusion method, disc diffusion method and dilution method with distilled water as negative control. The seeds of the plant exhibited significant antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The greatest zone of inhibition was displayed by well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus at 500 mg/ml was 29 mm, at 250 mg/ml was 18 mm and at 125 mg/ml was 12 mm. But at same concentrations when were used disc diffusion method the result were displayed are 24 mm at 500 mg/kg, 9mm at 250 mg/ml and 7 mm at 125 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus. And 20 mm at 500 mg/ml, 14.3 mm at 250 mg/ml and 8.3 mm at 125 mg/ml against Escherichia coli. Keywords: Mirabilis jalapa, Seeds, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Disc diffusion, Well diffusion

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Abstract

Mastitis is the most important disease in dairy farms worldwide causing significant economic losses. Sixty milk samples were collected from mastitic cows and submitted to the laboratory for further bacteriological examinations, Staphylococcus spp. (45%), Bacillus spp. (22.5%), Enterobacter spp. (14.5%), Pseudomonas spp. (8%), Acinobacter spp (5%) and Micrococcus spp (5%) were found in bacteriological examination of all milk samples. Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent among Staphylococci isolates (45%), followed by Staphylococcus intermedius (22%), Staphylococcus warneri (11%), Staphylococcus hyicus (11%), Staphylococcus chromogenes (11%) and Staphylococcus lentus (11%) Also Bacillus spp were found to be: Bacillus alvei (40%) Bacillus thermophilus (20%), Bacillus coagulans (20%) and Bacillus firmus (20%). Sensitivity tests were conducted using 12 different antibiotics including Tetracycline and Gentamicin. The sensitivity was determined for each antibiotic by using disc diffusion technique according to Kirby–Bauer method. The isolated bacteria were highly sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Ifovluxtsen, Linezolid, Gentamicin and they were found to be resistant to Cloxacillin, Cephalexin, followed by Tetracycline, Lincomycin. Roxithromycin. This study showed that the most causative agent of mastitis in south Khartoum is Staphylococcus aureus. Hygienic practices procedure in dairy farm must be sustainable to reduce this disease and to be aware about the suitable antibiotics to be used using antibiotic sensitivity test. The present study was designed to investigate the sensitivity of different antibiotics against bacteria isolated from suspected mastitic cows in dairy farms in south Khartoum, Sudan. Keywords: Staph. aureus, Bacillus, Antibiotics, Mastitis, Ceprofloxacin, Sensitivity.

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Abstract

Different groups of antibiotics (quinolones, macrolides, penicillin and cephalosporins) were chosen and used in this study. These antibiotics included ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, amoxycillin, cephalexin and cephradine respectively. Twenty six bacterial species were collected from urine, milk, rectal swabs, liver, wounds, intestine and also from isolated culture which were supplied by the department of microbiology, faculty of veterinary medicine, university of Khartoum, Sudan. Identification was done by using identification kits namely Quick GN “Nissui” and also by using biochemical tests as confirmatory tests. The bacterial species were found to be: Klebsiella pneumonaie, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and six strains of Salmonella species. Sensitivity tests were performed for all these organisms against various antibiotics with different concentrations using standard disk diffusion method. Ciprofloxacin was found to be the most effective drug against all the organisms tested even at a very low concentration (0.781 µg /ml), all the Gram-negative bacteria were found to be resistant to erythromycin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were found to be highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and resistant to the most of the other groups of antibiotics. Quinolon group (Ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin) was found to be the most effective group against Salmonella typhi Keywords: Erythromycin, Cephalexin, Cephradine, Amoxycillin, Ciprofloxacin, E. coli, Klebseilla, Salmonella spp.

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