P V Kalyan Kumar

Abstract

Background and introduction: A new strain of corona virus emerged during the month of December 2019, in china particularly from theWuhan city. Majority of the patients presented with atypical pneumonia in Wuhan city, which later contributed this atypical pneumonia is due to novel coronal virus and named it as SARS-CoV-2 virus. Chinese authorities later investigated that the virus was originated from whole sale food and meat market in Wuhan. Many of the initial patients were wet market sellers, stall owners and regular visitors of the market Aims and objectives of the study: 1. To find out CO-RADS scoring of patients diagnosed as COVID-19 positive by RT-PCR. 2. To find out chest CT-scan findings in of patients diagnosed as COVID-19 positive.  Methodology: The present study was an Observational cross-sectional study of patients suffering from COVID -19 infected patients affected with corona virus (COVID-19) at Katuri Medical College and Hospital, Guntur, during the period of 6 months from April 15, 2020 to October 15, 2020. Total of 567 patients included in the study based on the prevalence of COVID-19 infection in India. Inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria used to study the patients in the study. Results: Among 567 patients included in the study, CO-RADS Scoring system patients were divided into 6 categories. Among them 17 (2.9%) patients belong to CO-RAD-1 group, 188 (33.1%) patients were diagnosed with RT-PCR as COVID-19 infection belonging to the score of 2-3, 310 (54.6%) patients with CO-RADS 4-5 and 7 patients with CO-RADS. 52 (9.1%) patients were categorized to CO-RADS-6. The most common chest CT features of patients having COVID-19 infection is ground glass opacities which constitute 80.65 % (457/567), interlobular septal thickening found in 60.2% (341/567) patients. Linear opacities constitute 55.4% (314/567), consolidation which constitute 59.7 % (338/567). Crazypaving pattern is seen in 29.3% (166/567) of the patients followed by honey-comb pastern of opacities found in 19.4% (109/567) patients Left lower lobe is predominantly involved in 79.38% (450/567) patients followed by left upper lobe involvement in 73.5% (416/567) patients. On right lung, right upper lobe involvement present in 52.4%, right middle lobe in 56.7% and right Lower lobe is involved in 70.4% (399/467). Bilateral lung involvement is present in 75.39% (427/567) Conclusions : Majority of the patients 310 (54.6%) belong to CO-RADS score of 4-5. Most of the patients were having lower lobe involvement on both sides of the lung when compared to the upper lobes and majority of the patient’s showed ground glass opacities and consolidations with air bronchograms when compared to minority of the patients presenting as lymph node enlargement and pleural infections. Keywords: COVID19, RTPCR, Corona virus.

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Abstract

Background : During the month of December of 2019, a new strain of coronavirus was recognized for the main reason of atypical pneumonia cases in the city of Wuhan in China. This novel virus quickly blowout, causing an epidemic in China in no time, following a global pandemic declared by the World Health Organization in the month of Feb of 2020, nominated this infectious disease as COVID-19. Aims and objectives of the study: 1. To find out the baseline characteristics of patients suffering from COVID-19 infections. 2. To find out the clinical features among the patients affected. 3. To find out the co-morbid conditions associated with COVID-19 infection Materials and Methods: The present study is observational cross-sectional study of patients suffering from COVID-19 infected patients affected with corona virus (COVID-19) at Katuri Medical College and Hospital, Guntur, during the period of six months from April 15th 2020 to October 15th 2020. Total of 567 patients included in the study based on the prevalence of COVID-19 infection in India. Inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria used to study the patients in the study. Results: Among 567 patients included in the study, majority of the patients are males in the ratio of 71:29. Majority of patients are more than 60 years of age with mean of 61.2 +/-15.9. Smoking history affected majority of the patients. 54.1/24.9/21.0 (%). Among the SARS-CoV-2 infected patients 54.1% of the patients are current smokers, who are severely affected when compared to ex-smokers. Most of the patients manifested signs and symptoms within 2 weeks of incubation period. 51% of the total patients presented with covid-19 is breathlessness with grade 2 and 3 MMRC classification (42%) in majority of the patients and 9% of the patients presented with grade 4 of MMRC classification.42% of the whole patients presented with cough. Majority of the patients presented with fatigue and generalized body pains which constitute around 70.9%. Among the comorbid conditions diabetes mellitus constitute 42.50%, which is the most common comorbid conditions presented. Among the biomarkers and other major investigations, mean D-Dimer is 1100 ng/ml (278-2987) constitute major reliable biomarker for ongoing thrombogenicity of the viral infection following by the serum ferritin with a mean value of 300 ng/ml (278-1198). Conclusions : Majority of COVID-19 infection patients are male patients of age more than 60 years of age with personal history of smoking. Most of the patients are diabetes followed by systemic hypertension and many people suffered from generalized body pains and fatigue followed by fever and dyspnea with cough. Minority of the patients presented with diarrhea as main chief complaint. Keywords: COVID19, RTPCR, Severe acute respiratory, syndromerelated coronavirus.

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Abstract

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) ranks third among the prime causes of death globally. To study the clinical profile of COPD in non-smokers. To identify the other risk factors (other than smoking) of COPD. Methodology: Data was collected meeting the objectives of the study with a pre-tested proforma. Detailed history was taken, clinical examination was done and necessary investigations were carried out. Continuous data was expressed as Mean + SD and categorical data was expressed as number and percentage (%). Results: In the present study it was observed that most of the non-smoker COPD patients belonged to older age group. In the present study the mean age of the patients was 55.06 + 8.87 years. study subjects < 40>80 years were 0% females account for 68%, with a male to female ratio of 1: 2.125. Conclusions: In this study of COPD in non-smokers, females were predominant. Cough and sputum production were the most common clinical features. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and biomass fuel usage were the most common risk factors. Most of the patients belonged to rural background. Most of the patients presented with less severe form of the disease. Keywords: COPD; Non-smoker; Cough; Biomass; Smoking.

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