Saritha H M

Abstract

Background: Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (USNHL) is important to be identified and diagnosed early. It is common and can be a symptom of a wide range of diseases. In our region, south India, the USNHL has not been studied before. In this study we report various clinical features and co morbidities associated with USNHL. Method and Aim: This is a Prospective observational Hospital based study, review of 50 patient with USNHL in the age group above 18yrs. We aim to find the various clinical features and co morbidities associated with USNHL in the south India and comparing the result with a literature review Result: It was found, 50 cases were presented with unilateral SNHL during the study period. It constitutes 15% of cases screened. Most of our cases had gradual onset of hearing loss. Tinnitus, vertigo and ear discharge were the most common associated symptoms respectively. In our study of the 50 patients, 14 patient had diabetes mellitus of which 2 had hypertension and one was post renal transplant patient. One with dyslipidemia and one with hypothyroidism. Other causes were GERD, epistaxis and fatty liver. Conclusion: All patients with USNHL need full audiological screening and early diagnosis. Regarding our study, we recommend MRI as part of their diagnostic workup. The choice of diagnostic laboratory tests should be directed by patient risk factors and exposures. Keywords: Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, Single side hearing loss Sensorineural hearing loss

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Abstract

Background: Seizure is one of the common causes of childhood hospitalization with significant mortality and morbidity. There is limited data regarding acute seizures episodes form the developing countries.  Method and Aim: This was a hospital based prospective study carried out children admitted in Paediatric intensive care unit of Bangalore Baptist Hospital a tertiary care centre, Bangalore, from 1month to 15 years of age during the period between September 2018 to January 2020.Current study aims to find the common aetiology of seizure and classify seizure types in various age groups. Variables collected were demographics, clinical presentations, laboratory tests, brain imaging studies, ABR,  electroencephalography, diagnosis and hospital course. Results: A total of 200 patients were admitted for seizures with 120 (60%) males and 80 (40%) females. Among these patients, 148 (74%) presented with fever and 148 (74%) of children were less than 5 years of age. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures were the most common seizure type 140 (70%). Seizure disorder (21%), febrile seizures (55%), CNS infections and neurocysticercosis were common etiologies.  Conclusion: Convulsion is an important symptom in children admitted with PICU. Seizure occurs in peak frequency in age group of 1yr to 5 years. Febrile seizures was the common causes of seizures in febrile children. Children diagnosed as seizure disorder require long term follow up studies including neurophysiologic studies. Keywords: New onset seizures, Febrile seizures, Meningitis, Partial seizures, Gtcs.

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Abstract

Background: Febrile seizure is a common problem in children below 6years of age. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical profile of children presenting with febrile seizures and to identify the risk factors for recurrence of febrile seizures in these children. Materials and Methods: The study was done on all children in the 6 month to 6 year age who were diagnosed as having febrile convulsion admitted in Pediatric ward or intensive care unit of Bangalore Baptist Hospital a tertiary care centre, Bangalore from January 2018 to august 2019. Results: There were112children which constituted 7.8% of total Paediatric admissions. Mean age of presentation was 25.815.19 months with peak in less than 2 years of age. Mean duration of seizure was 1.25 ( 1.23) min. Out of which 64% had a febrile seizure for the first time and 36% had recurrent febrile seizures and 68 (60.7%) were malesand 44 (39.2%) females. Simple febrile seizure and complex febrile seizure were observed in 80 (71.4%) and 22 (19.6%) of patients respectively. The majority of children (71.8%) had a generalized tonic-clonic seizure followed by tonic seizuresaround 17.3% had positive family history. Upper respiratory tract infections were the commonest cause of fever in these children. Low temperature at the onset of Febrile Seizure (p=0.001), short duration of fever before the onset of Febrile Seizure (0.026) and atypical Febrile Seizure (p=0.022) were the risk factors for a recurrent febrile seizure. Conclusions: Febrile Seizure is a common pediatric problem seen in males, observed predominantly in children below the age of two years and simple febrile seizure was the commonest variety. Almost onethird of children with Febrile Seizure are at risk for recurrence at a later date. The risk factors for these recurrences are modest rise in body temperature at the onset of febrile seizure, the onset of seizure within 12 hours of fever and atypical presentation. Keywords: Febrile seizure, FS.

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