Sanjay Kumar

Abstract

Aims and objectives: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in which there is an abnormal elevation of blood glucose level. The periodontitis is recognized as the sixth complication of diabetes. The role of malocclusion in accelerating plague deposition is well known however in normal occlusion with well aligned teeth is less documented. So, the objectives of the study are to study the prevalence of periodontitis in diabetic patients with malocclusion and in normal occlusion and to study the effect of various determinants of diabetes mellitus if at all exists. Study design: It is case-control observational study. Two hundred (200) patients were included in the study from the dental OPD (Orthodontics) of Dept. of Dentistry, and from the Dept. of Endocrinology, Indira Gandhi institute of medical sciences, Patna, Bihar, India. The statistical analysis was done Microsoft office excel. The results were analysed in frequencies and percentages to estimate the prevalence of malocclusion and occlusion in patients with diabetes mellitus and their effects on periodontium of the teeth. Results: The prevalence rate of severe destructive periodontal diseases (SDPD) in malocclusion group was 81.72% than in normal occlusion group with less prevalence rate of 55.21%. Conclusion: The prevalence of severe destructive periodontal diseases in the uncontrolled diabetes mellitus in malocclusion group was more than in normal occlusion group, with maximum periodontium destruction observed during first between 1-5 years of detection of diabetes. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Determinants of diabetes mellitus, Malocclusion, Normal occlusion, Periodontitis.

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Abstract

Background: The malocclusion treatments were used to improve the smile and aesthetics. But at present in the modern era orthodontics treatment provides patients with psychological wellbeing, functional improvements in mastication, correction of speech abnormality, helps to maintain well-being in cleftlip patients, improvement in the tempro-mandibular joint dysfunction syndrome, orthognathic surgery to improve facial architecture of the abnormal face etc. Materials and Methods: The orthodontics patients were selected from the dental opd (orthodontics) of the Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar. The study subjects were selected from the 16th of December 2019 to 31st of December 2020 from the dental opd record book. Study design: The study was prospective in nature. Statistical analysis: The tables are presented with simple demographic distributions of orthodontic patients with malocclusion and their dropout rate etc in frequencies and percentages. Result: The total numbers of patients reported within a year were 160.Most of the orthodontics patients reported with class1 malocclusion, class1 bimaxillary protrusion and the class11 div1. Most of the patients were treated, either with removable and or fixed orthodontics appliance. The number of patients who refuses the treatment due to extractions were (dropout) 24. The dropout rate was 15% in this study, in comparison to few studies reported in the literature. Conclusion: Despite the lockdown due to Covid-19 pandemic, patients of orthodontic treatment were reasonable in number in comparisons to previous years. The main reason for dropout of orthodontic patients noticed in our centre was due to extraction advised to the patients. Keywords: Types of malocclusion reasons for dropout rate, Orthodontic treatment mechanics.

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