Zeba Nisar

Abstract

Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is a rare disorder mainly characterized by enlarged placenta. Patients on antenatal visits present with normal or slightly raised Beta-HCG, raised Alfa-fetoprotein and cystic structures on USG resembling a molar pregnancy. It has to be differentiated from molar pregnancies to avoid unnecessary termination of pregnancy. This condition is associated with IUGR or IUFD. Mostly the fetus are females. Due to lack of awareness of this condition it remains underreported. Here we present a case report of 20 years old female 37 week pregnant with IUGR with clinical suspicion of molar pregnancy gave birth to alive female fetus and on histopathological examination of placenta was diagnosed with PMD.   Keywords: Placental mesenchymal dysplasia, Histopathological, Mesenchymal

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Abstract

Objective: To study ten cases of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis (TL) in which the diagnosis was made by fine needle aspiration cytology and confirmed by subsequent serology. Study design: Retrospective study done over a period of five years. We retrieved ten cases of Toxoplasma lymphadenitis in which fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of lymph node was done after clinical examination. Serology with electrochemiluminescense was done in all the cases. Results: The cytological features were characterised by microgranulomas, abundance of tingible body macrophages and absence of necrosis. Serologic testing for toxoplasma in all the cases revealed elevated titres. Conclusion: Lymphadenitis due to Toxoplasma infection should be considered in the diagnosis of unexplained lymphadenopathy at all sites, especially the cervical region. Serologic confirmation should be recommended for all suspected cases. FNAC diagnosis can eliminate the need for hospitalization and surgery. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is 5th case series of cytodiagnosis of TL in the English literature and 2nd in the Indian literature. This is the largest case series of cytodiagnosis of TL in the Indian literature and 2nd largest in the world literature next to the one done by Haque et al. Keywords: Toxoplasma lymphadenitis, Toxoplasma lymphadenitis FNAC, Toxoplasma serology, Posterior cervical lymphadenitis.

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Aims: To explore clinical, Histopathological and IHC features of MNTI with systematic literature review. Settings and Design: Hospital based retrospective study. Methods and Materials: Data of all cases of MNTI diagnosed over a period of seven years i.e. from 2008 to 2015 was retrieved. H&E sections and IHC sections were studied. Strict histological and recently updated criteria were applied and patients with a confirmed diagnosis of MNTI were included in the study. A systematic literature review was conducted by searching the PubMed and National Centre for Biotechnology Information database. Statistical analysis used: Microsoft Excel 2010. Results: Present case series is 19th in the English literature and 2nd in the Indian literature. Mean age of presentation is 5 months. Average duration of symptoms is 2.1 months. Male preponderance was found i.e. M:F ratio of 2:1. Histopathology and if necessary, followed by IHC is necessary for the confirmation of diagnosis. No histological marker can predict its behaviour. Conclusions: A number of known pathologic entities can present at infancy but confirmation of the diagnosis requires histopathological examination and IHC, if necessary. Any unusual growth in infants that appear inconsistent with normal variation and reported history should be referred in time to a pathologist for assessment and diagnosis. A diagnosis of MNTI should be suspected in any tumour in an infant with round cell morphology and a careful search for large melanin containing epithelial cells will help in accurate diagnosis. Keywords: Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy, Round cell tumour, Melanin pigment, Melanoticprogonoma, Retinal anlage tumour.

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