Kunal K Kohle

The proper knowledge of speech production and phonetic parameters will enables the clinician in fabrication of dentures with good phonetic capabilities. In achieving the optimum phonetic potential by providing correlation among three key objectives i.e. (mechanics, aesthetics and phonetics) of dentistry is the eventual goal of every dentist. This article provides a correlation between occlusion and speech, since the time these two factors are mostly not considered related to each other. But during phonation, the lower teeth functions independently and there remain no contact with upper teeth. This article also highlights the basic utilization of phonation as an indispensible part in placement of upper anterior teeth in complete and partial denture rehabilitation. This is basically because, while restoring natural teeth, we may have to depend on pre-extraction records in order to achieve necessary objectives. And if these records are missing, it is difficult to determining the position of artificial teeth. Hence here, we use phonetics as a guideline for proper placement of artificial teeth.   Keywords: Phonetics, Speech, Articulation

Growth prediction is an estimation of the amount of growth to be expected. In orthodontics the term refers to the estimation of amount and direction of growth of the bones of the craniofacial skeletal and overlying soft tissues. Successful prediction requires specifying both the amount and the direction of growth, in relation to the reference point. Estimation of dentofacial growth must consider the increments, vectors, area, duration and timing of growth accessions. All these are subjected to the changes in growth pattern   Keywords : Growth, Bjork, VTO, Skeletal maturity indicators

Introduction: The relationship between the malocclusion and the facial form has been a focus for Orthodontists since the early 20th century. Cephalometrics can be utilized to describe, compare and classify the nature of orthodontic problems. Since well-established Indian ethnic norms are lacking, norms derived for Caucasian population are routinely used for investigations. Rajasthan is one of the largest state in India and Mewar is one of the major areas of it. With the increasing number of children of Rajasthan seeking professional treatment for malocclusion, it has become apparent that there is need to determine what constitutes a pleasing or normal face for the children of Rajasthan. A comprehensive and accurate diagnostic assessment of any orthodontic patient involves the comparison of the patient’s cephalometric findings with the norms of his or her ethnic groups or racial groups or subgroups. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 100 lateral cephalographs which were selected from the records in the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. Results: According to results there was a higher FMPA in males than females in Western Rajasthan population. While observing the overall result no significant difference was observed in FMPA between male and female population of Western Rajasthan. Conclusion: The present study was undertaken to develop cephalometric norms of Tweed’s diagnostic facial triangle for West Rajasthan population and to find out any variation from Caucasian standard. The result of the study indicated that separate norms should be considered forWest Rajasthan males and females during diagnosis and treatment planning. Keywords: Frankfort mandibular plane, Caucasian, Rajasthan.

Objective-The purpose of the present study is to compare the efficacy of three commercially available mouth rinses containing chlorhexidiene and sodium fluoride-triclosan- xylitol respectively against salivary bacteria, streptococcus mutans. Materials and Methods: A sample of 72 subjects was selected from the single school and was randomly equally divided into 3 groups. The subjects were instructed to rinse the mouthwash 10 ml of mouthwash for one minute twice daily for fifteen days. Number of colony of Streptococcus mutans were counted by using Mitis Salivarius agar plate, at the beginning and at the end of the study period. Inter group and intra group comparisons were done. Intra group comparisison was assessed usingWilcoxon signed rank test (non-parametric equivalent to paired‘t’ test) whereas the difference between three groups was assessed using Kruskal-Wallis Annova. Results: In the present study, no statistically significant difference was found between the mouthwashes with regard to their efficacy in reducing S mutans.  Conclusion: All the commercial available mouthwashes are equally potent in reducing s mutans counts effectively. Keywords: Chlorhexidine.

Introduction: Orthognathic surgery has become a more acceptable treatment modality in conjunction with orthodontic treatment as esthetic awareness has been increased. The criteria for success of an orthognathic surgical procedure are not only centred on the correction of the skeletal and dental abnormalities, but also on an esthetic improvement as judged by both patients and practitioners. Using computer softwares for prediction of orthognathic surgical outcome is gaining more popularity. It was the purpose of the present study to examine the efficacy of prediction of soft tissue changes after performing orthognathic surgeries using the cephalometric software program FACAD. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to assess the perception of facial profile attractiveness and soft tissue outcome in predicted profile images in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. Materials and Methods: Total of 50 samples aged 20 to 25 years (35 females and 15 males) 20 skeletal class I bimaxillary protrusion cases, 20 skeletal class II cases and 10 skeletal class III cases. Cephalometric radiographs were scanned using Epson V 700 film scanner. The radiographic images were analysed using cephalometric software (FACAD 3.6 )and traced by identifying and placing a series of cephalometric points, both bony and soft tissue. Result: The study suggested that the predicted profile images of all the patients were attractive and rankings were decreasing from class I bimaxillary class III and then class II. The least score of attractiveness were given to class II patients. The predicted profile images of class I bimaxillary patients were more attractive. Conclusion: this study showed that the predicted profile images were attractive as suggested by three raters with class I bimaxillary most attractive and class II least attractive. In overall, laypersons and dental students ratings were somehow similar in the assessment of facial profile attractiveness in the predicted profile images. Keywords: Orthognathic surgery, FACAD, Attractiveness.

The dental mouth mirror is one of the most common diagnostic instrument used in dentistry. This tool is small, cylindrical in shape, consisting of a metal/plastic bar as a handle and a metal/plastic plate as a mirror holder. The head of a dental mouth mirror is usually round and the most commonly used sizes are number 4 and number 5. The ruler used in dentistry is present either in the form of stainless steel bar or plastic rings. The ruler is used to measure the intraoral lesions, spaces between teeth in mouth or stone model, length of the tooth or implant in X-Ray, measure the length of files, paper tips and gutta-percha, etc. Therefore, AR Scalo Mirror is a combination of two dental instruments (mouth mirror and scale) which are put together as one so that it saves the time and effort as well as makes the diagnostic procedure less technique sensitive. Keywords: Mouth mirror, Scale, AR scalo mirror.

Introduction: The pharynx is a tube shaped structure that extends superoinferiorly from the cranial base to the level of the inferior surface of the sixth cervical vertebra. A nasal breather may change to a mouth breather because of an obstruction in the nasal or pharyngeal airway. In addition, pharyngeal narrowing is a commonly described characteristic in obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate whether the upper and lower airway dimensions are affected by the sagittal and vertical skeletal variables. Materials and Methods: The pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of 140 patients aged between 16years to 26 years were traced for the study. For each subject angular and linear cephalometric parameters were measured. Continuous variables were compared by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the significance of mean difference between the groups was done by Tukey’s post hoc test. A two-sided (a = 2) P < 0> Conclusion: in this study, we found a significant difference among Class I subjects with three different vertical growth pattern. Hyperdivergent patients had statistically significant narrower upper and lower pharyngeal width when compared to normodivergent and hypodivergent growth patterns. Patients with Class II malocclusions have significantly narrower upper and lower pharyngeal airways than those with Class I and Class III malocclusions. Keywords: Airway dimension, Vertical, Sagittal.

Aims and Objectives: The objectives of this research were to determine the influence of all previous dental treatment on the current oral health-related quality of life in geriatric patients and to assess the effect of the regularity of dental care in geriatric patients on oral health-related quality of life. Materials and Methods: A population-based evaluation was carried out on subjects over the age of 60 who reported to the Department of Prosthodontics for 7 months. Self-perceived oral health was assessed using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and the Oral Health Impact Profile &#40;OHIP-14&#41;. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data using SPSS version 21. Result: The sample included 75 elderly people, 77% of whom were males and 23% women. The Regular Visit Group had 28 subjects, of which 22 (78%) were males and six (21%) were females. There were a total of 47 subjects in the Irregular Patient Group, of which 36 (76%) were males and 11 (22%) were females. In our study both GOHAI and OHIP-14 showed good reliability for measurement of OHRQoL (Oral Health-related Quality of Life). The GOHAI and OHIP-14 Hindi questionnaires were able to identify participants with impaired oral health. This study revealed that the regularity of receiving dental care affected OHRQoL in the geriatric group of the population. Conclusion: The outcome of this research found out that the OHRQol perceived using both the GOHAI and OHIP-14 was better in patients who received dental care more regularly than those who did not. Keywords: GOHAI and OHIP, OHRQoL.

Introduction: The study was undertaken to evaluate the reliability of cervical vertebrae as skeletal age maturation in response to chronological age and evaluate the relationship between DEMIRIJAN system of mandibular canine calcification and cervical vertebral maturation as a clinical method for skeletal maturation indicator. Materials and Methods: 120 children (60 females and 60 males) were randomly selected in the age range of 8-14 years. Results: 23.3% of males showed E stage of (canine calcification stage) CCS and stage II of cervical vertebral maturation (CVM), 16.6% showed F stage of CCS and stage III of CVM, 13.3% showed stage G of CCS and Stage III of CVM 8.3% showed stage G of CCS and stage IV of CVM. 13.3% of females showed E stage of CCS and stage II of CVM, 13.3% showed F stage of CCS and stage III of CVM, 16.67% showed stage G of CCS and Stage III of CVM, 15% shows stage G of CCS and stage IV of CVM,. Conclusions: The correlation values between the Chronological age, dental calcification stages and cervical vertebrae maturation method were high. Attaining of maturity in canine calcification and cervical vertebrae maturational stages was ahead in females when compared to males. Keywords: Cervical vertebrae, Cephalometrics, Canine calcification.

The problem of retention and relapse was born with the science of orthodontics and continues to persistently disturb Orthodontic researchers and clinicians. In spite of all the advances in the active treatment procedures, retention and relapse remains a problem for many practitioners. Several studies have been carried out to determine the changes taking place several years after orthodontic treatment and the influencing factors. Factors including growth, periodontium, age, third molars, tooth dimensions etc., have been held responsible for post treatment relapse. Several procedures have been devised to ensure stability and prevent or at least avoid post treatment changes so as to reduce relapse. To achieve this purpose, a proper understanding of the changes occurring, various factors affecting relapse and retention procedures is important. Thus problems of retention and the continued trend, which owes to the biological and mechanical limitations, demands to go through the state of art of this perennial problem “Retention and Relapse”.  Keywords: Retention, Relapse, Orthodontics.

Today, many people receive orthodontic treatment for better occlusion, improved oral function and harmonized facial appearance. However, two perplexing challenges have not been solved in clinical orthodontics, i.e. long treatment time (on average 2-3 years) and iatrogenic root resorption. Figuring out these challenges will dramatically improve the quality of orthodontic care. The following article deals with the first challenge i.e Long treatment time and the most reliable and effective way to enhance the tooth movement.   Keywords: Dental vibrators, AccleDent, Sure Smile