Richa Gupta

In India, nearly 1 million people got the injury by burn in which 10 percent cases occurs accidentally ?1;. Post mortem burned body has always been a difficult and challenging task for forensic investigations. This case report consist of homicide involving post mortem burns with aim to abolish the identity and cover up the cause of death of the corpse. The aim of study is to establish the identity in relation to age, sex, time, cause and manner of death in burn corpses by postmortem examination. Body was found burning at the abandoned place absence of vitality signs are factors indicative of postmortem burning following homicide. Post Mortem examination with careful interpretation of all evidences includes clothes, bones and other exhibits found at the crime scene along with postmortem radiography and toxicological analysis can play a key role in every such cases.   Keywords: Burn injury, Autopsy, Strangulation.

Background: Annually about 2 million people suffer from various modes of burn injuries worldwide of whom more than a lakh die. In India about 60,000 people suffer from burns annually, more than 50,000 are treated in hospitals and about 10,000 succumb to thermal injury. Aim: The primary importance of present study is to have a better understanding of changes occurring in this vital organ in relation to survival period of burn victims, to emphasis that hepatic dysfunction is also an important determinant to survival of burn victims. Setting : Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department of a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was performed on 37 burn deceased of both the sexes of different age groups brought into the mortuary of the Department of Forensic Medicine during the period of July 2009 to December 2010. Liver specimens were collected and the H& E stained slides studied separately by two independent observers. Results: Fatty infiltrations in the liver were present at various stages i.e. microvesicular steatosis to macrovesicular steatosis, followed by fatty cyst in victims with survival periods ranging from 2 days to 30 days. Thus as the survival period increased, the proportion of involvement of the hepatic lobule increased with focal / confluent centrilobular hepatocyte necrosis in 54.5% victims of 8-15 days survival and ultimately ended into massive hepatocyte necrosis leading to complete loss of lobular architecture in victims who survived for 16- 30 days. Conclusion: The present study indicates that liver damage in the form of hepatic steatosis leading to hepatocyte necrosis and latter complete loss of liver architecture and consecutively hepatic dysfunction occurs with increasing survival period of burn victims therefore, maintenance of Liver integrity and function are crucial for post burn survival.   Keywords: Burn injury, Hepatic steatosis, TBSA

Poisoning is a significant health problem around the world. In India being an agriculture based economy, Pesticide Poisoning contributes largest sum in poisoning cases. The study was conducted in Emergency Department of S.N. Medical College and Hospital, Agra from Sept 2018 to Sept 2019 to investigate Acute Pesticide Poisoning (APP) cases in the region. Majority of cases in our study were from age group of 21-30 yrs with mean age of 28.10 ± 11.38 yrs with male predominance. In This study we found out that APP is 61% of all poisoning cases, out of them maximum cases belongs to OP poisoning which clinically presented with Dyspnea/Tachypnea, Sweating, Vomiting, Abdominal pain . Mortality in APP cases was found to be 10.5%. Although case fatality ratio is highest in cases of celphos (AlP) which most commonly presented with symptoms of Paresthesias, Diarrhea, and Abdominal pain. Keywords: APP (Acute pesticide poisoning), Pesticide, Clinical profile, OP Poisoning, AlP (Alumunium phosphide/celphos), ZnP

Introduction: Poisoning is one of most common cause of mortality. In India 50000 deaths occurs due to poisoning every year. Aim: To identify and compare the socio-demographical profile and outcome in poisoning patients presenting to the Emergency ward of S.N. Medical College, Agra. Materials and Methods: The record-based cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 1 year in the emergency wards. The demographic data, hospital admission variables and outcomes were collected from medico-legal records and bead-head-tickets of patients obtained from the hospital record section. Analysis was used to find the interaction between the socio-demographic and hospital admission variables in association with outcomes of poisoning. Results: A total 27412 patients are admitted in emergency department of S. N. Medical College, Agra during period from January 2018 to December 2018, out of which for 5924 patients medico legal examination done. Out of them a total of 768 patients were admitted with acute poisoning. The mean of patient’s age was 28.67. Males (64.2%) were dominant over Females (35.8%). Incidents of poisoning were predominant in married (50%), residing in urban region (51.5%), belongs to middle (20-40yrs) age-group (66.7%). Patients with mild symptoms were 38.54%, 58.3% moderate and severe symptoms 3.1%. Majority of the patients recovered (83.8%) whilst 2.8% died. Conclusion: socio-demographical distribution of cases depends on various factors which can be used for reduction of incidences of poisoning cases by counselling and other interventions as most of poisoning cases occurs in middle age group married men residing in urban region may be due to domestic dispute, job related problems, financial losses etc. Keywords: Poisoning, Sociodemographic profile, Agra, Uttar Pradesh.

Introduction: In our world, many human lives are lost to crime and violence in which asphyxial deaths are one of the major contributors. Materials and Methods: In present study analysis of 391 deaths caused by asphyxia out of 3224 autopsies conducted in mortuary of S. N. Medical College, Agra during period of 1½ years from March 2015 to August 2016 is conducted. Data obtained is reviewed and analyzed according to different types of asphyxial deaths, their age wise distribution, sex wise distribution, manner of death and contributing factors. Results: Proportion of asphyxial deaths was 12.1% (391 cases). Hanging (64.9%) is most commonly encountered followed by drowning (24.8%) and strangulation (4.6%). Most common victims are male with male: female ratio of 1.37: 1. Most cases falls in 21-30 years age group with 27.4% of total. Majority of hanging cases were suicidal while all strangulation cases were homicidal. Majority of drowning cases were accidental. It was elicited from history that personal reasons like failure in examinations, psychiatric problems, long time illness etc. were the most common reasons for suicide by hanging. Conclusion: In present study, suicidal hanging and accidental drowning seems to be major proportions of violent asphyxial deaths. Both these manners of deaths indicate frustration and carelessness on part of population which are preventable and needs to be rectified on urgent basis. Keywords: Asphyxia, Hanging, Strangulation, Drowning.

Neglect and child abuse are serious issues for public health. The high frequency of child abuse and neglect is caused by a number of reasons, including poverty, social inequality, a lack of knowledge, and a lack of reporting procedures. In this case study, a 2-year-old female kid is described with severe physical abuse and neglect-related burns covering her lower back, thigh, and buttocks, totaling around 35 percent of her body. Five hours after the injury, the parents took their child to the hospital. Keywords: Scalds, Immersion burns, Poverty, Maltreatment of children