K Ranjith Babu

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is one of the world’s most prevalent diseases. The International Diabetes Federation estimates a worldwide prevalence of 387 million (8.3%) and the global burden of Type-II diabetes is expected to increase 592 million by 2035. It is found that the trace elements like copper and zinc, which act as cofactors for the essential enzymes, which are involved in many metabolic pathways, are found to be altered in the diabetics when compared to non-diabetics. This is an observational, prospective and case-control study which is conducted to assess the levels of Cu and Zn in relation to hyperglycaemia and HbA1c in the patients with uncomplicated T2DM. Newly diagnosed uncomplicated Type-II Diabetes Mellitus patients are selected as study group. The observations were arranged in suitable tables for analysis under the relevant headings. The findings were averaged as (mean ± standard deviation) for each parameter subgroups separately. Each variable, including Serum levels of Cu (µg/dL), Zn (µg/dL), FBS (mg/dL) and HbA1C (%) were analysed by Paired Sample t-test.A number of studies with varied findings have been found stating deranged Copper and Zinc in diabetics. The levels of Cu can be measured as an early therapeutic measure of DM. It is well-known that higher levels of Cu may result in generation of free radicals through Fenton reaction, which in turn results in increased oxidative stress. Zn being important trace element for functioning of oxidoreductases, hydrolases, ligases and lyases.T2DM is related to altered levels of trace elements like Zn, Cu. Zn can be better analysed from 24 hours collected urine sample. Early detection of the trace elements Cu, Zn is very useful in early detection of onset of T2DM along with factors like FBS, HBSAg. The study can be further made more appropriate by considering more trace elements in more number of subjects for a prolonged period of study. Once the T2DM is detected early or the stage of pre-diabetes is confirmed the subject can be prevented or delayed from the chance of occurrence of Diabetic. Early detection of the trace elements Cu, Zn is very useful in early detection of onset of T2DM along with factors like FBS, HBSAg.   Keywords: Zinc, Copper, Trace elements, T2DM, Diabetes mellitus.

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Abstract

Hypertension(HTN) is the most common and significant cardiovascular disease because of its prevalence and severity of the damage to the mankind globally. Hyperuricemia, a condition of increased levels of Serum Uric acid (UA) has been proposed to have an association with hypertension in various studies. In certain studies, serum uric acid levels has been found to be an independent predictor for developing hypertension. On the basis of the above observations, we have proposed to the present study to compare the relationship between serum UA and hypertension in a single cohort with adjustment of all possible confounding factors.A total of 245 subjects were enrolled in this study during a regular routine health checkup. All subjects were informed about the study aims Individuals having a known history of gout and cardiac or severe renal diseases and patients who are already under medication for anti-hyperuricemic were excluded from the study. General information like Name, Age, Sex, Occupation, Address along with history of any drug intake and anthropometric indices - body weight (BW), body height (BH), hip circumference (HC), waist circumference (WC), and lifestyle information have been obtained. The data has been arranged in tables with mean ± SD for further analysis. The data is analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23. The difference between the groups for baseline variables was done by independent sample t-test (two-tailed). Pearson’s correlation coefficient test was performed to assess the interrelationships between baseline variables and SUA concentrations. The differences for the variables among the groups was determined by using One-way ANOVA.Of the 245 subjects, mean age of the participants was 42.4 ± 8.4 years (range 18–70 years). There was no significant difference in the mean levels of Height, Weight and BMI between the two groups. Mean levels of WC, HC were significantly different between two group (p < 0>   Keywords: Hypertension, Serum uric acid, Uricemia, SBP, DBP, BMI.

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