Spoorthy S

Abstract

Background: The incidence of hypercholesterolemia is ever increasing as the co morbid conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, stressful life is on a rise. Ocular conditions associated with hypercholesterolemia are issues which are minimally discussed. Materials and Methods : This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2019 to June 2019. Complete eye examination was performed including visual acuity examination, refraction, tear film evaluation, slit lamp examination, measurement of intraocular pressure using rebound tonometer, gonioscopy, direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy Results: Total of 81 patients were examined, out of which males were 55, females were 26. Most common ocular finding was Xanthoma and Xanthelasma in 61(70%) patients. Arcus juvenalis was noted in 12 (14.63%), Lipid keratopathy in 23(29.26%). Other comorbidities associated were Hypertensive Retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, Pre senile cataract, Primary open angle Glaucoma, Branch retinal vein occlusion which has indirect causal relationship. Conclusion: Along with systemic workup, Hypercholesterolemia also warrants a routine detailed ocular examination even if the patient is asymptomatic. This aids in early diagnosis and management of the co-existing ocular morbidities.   Keywords: Hyperlipidemia, Ocular associations, Dry eye, Diabetic retinopathy.

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Abstract

Context: Refractive errors in the young adults are prone to variation of peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness. Aims: To compare the peripapillary RNFL thickness in myopes and hyperopes with emmetropes by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Settings and Design: A case control cross-sectional study conducted from January-June 2019 among 18- 40 years, attending ophthalmology outpatient department of a tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: Young adults (18-30 years), with or without refractive errors, underwent anterior and posterior segment examination, intraocular pressure, axial length and subjective refraction and OCT examination for RNFL thickness. SPSS 20.0 software was used and frequency, percentages were calculated for qualitative variables like gender and ethnicity, and were compared by chi square test. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the variables among the three groups. P statistically significant. Results: Of 90 cases, 36(40%) myopes, 24(26.66%) hyperopes and 30(33.33%) emmetropes, with mean RNFL thickness in myopes-90.86 +/- 10.50microns, in hyperopes-116 +/- 3.6mm and emmetropes-120 +/- 4.3mm.Mean RNFL is thinner in myopes than in emmetropes with superior and inferior quadrants thinning with no mean RNFL thickness changes in hyperopes when compared to emmetropes. Mean RNFL thickness is inversely related to axial length in myopes with no variation in hyperopes. Conclusions: RNFL thickness changes in myopes can be a risk factor for glaucoma, hence to be included in routine examination. Keywords: Myopes, OCT, RNFL thickness, Refractive errors.

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Abstract

Background: Patients with diabetes mellitus who undergo cataract surgery can be prone for macular edema post-operatively.Aimof this study wasto compare macular thickness in diabetics and non-diabetics, pre and post cataract surgery using SD-OCT. Materials and Methods: A Cohort study of 50 diabetic and 50 non-diabetic cataract patients who presented to ophthalmology out patient department, aged 50–70 years underwent macular thickness assessment using SD–OCT pre and post cataract surgery. Results: The macular thickness showed a steady increase with time in non-diabetics and diabetics seen at baseline, 1 week post operative and 6 weeks post op. But the mean difference in diabetics was higher with a statistical significance(p Conclusion: OCT is a noninvasive investigation which can differentiate between diabetic macular edema and postoperative cystoid macular edema. Preoperative assessment of macular thickness will be useful in the management of macular edema in both conditions, thus improving visual prognosis post cataract surgery.   Keywords: Macular edema, Cataract surgery, Diabetes mellitus, Macular thickness, OCT.

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