Renita Castelino

Abstract

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has gained an unmissable importance nowadays because of its accuracy in detecting the pathologies of head and neck region. It has become part and parcel as a salient diagnostic aid in dentistry. But everything in this world has two faces of the coin. Similarly, CBCT has a small hitch in it that is “Artifacts”. Artifacts are discrepancies between the reconstructed visual image and the actual content of the subject which degrade the quality of CBCT images, making them diagnostically unusable. This article directs on the different kinds of artifacts and the reasons behind it. Keywords: Artifacts, Cone beam computed tomography, Noise

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Abstract

Head and neck cancers have become very prevalent all over the world and ranked 11th among all cancers worldwide. The mainstay for managing these oral cancers includes surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy or combination of these modalities. This article highlights the one of the type of radiotherapy which is mainly used in managing the head and neck cancers, that is brachytherapy. This review article enlights the dental surgeons about indications, types, mechanisms, limitations and advances about brachytherapy. Keywords: Brachytherapy, Head and neck cancer.

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Abstract

Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV or Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhydrosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. It is characterized by absence of small myelinated and unmyelinated sympathetic nerves resulting in pain and temperature insensitivity. We report a case of a 15 year old boy with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV associated with bifid tongue which is an extremely rare oral presentation and not often reported in literature. Keywords: Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV, Bifid tongue, Self mutilation.

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Abstract

A pathological cavity lined by epithelium containing either fluid or semifluid substance is termed as cyst. The cyst associated with the teeth is called as odontogenic cyst. The periapical cyst or Radicular cyst is one among the odontogenic cysts which is most prevalent and associated with a dead or non-vital tooth. The epicentre of these cysts is mostly the apices of the involved non-vital teeth, however they may also be found on the lateral aspects of the roots in relation to lateral accessory root canals. They are inflammatory in nature. Most of the radicular cysts are small in size, but sometimes it can extend to displace maxillary sinus. In this situation, careful examination with the use of computed tomography (CT) helps you to distinguish the pathology arising from maxillary sinus itself or is it odontogenic origin causing displacement of the sinus. This article is highlighting the importance of advanced diagnostic aids like computed tomography in managing a rare case of massive radicular cyst involving the maxillary sinus in 52 year female which was treated surgically. Keywords : Radicular cyst, Maxillary sinus, Computed tomography.

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