Kalpana B. Rathod

Abstract

Background: Healthy Donor selection is necessary for procurement of safe blood in addition to the screenings of blood bags for infectious diseases. Deferrals lead to loss of precious blood/components available for transfusion in emergency situation. To avoid such problems, we should be aware about its reasons and frequency. Aim: To find the incidence of donors who were deferred from donating blood and to determine the causes for same. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the blood bank of tertiary health care center, from January 2015 to December 2017 to find the incidence of deferral and reason behind it. Criteria for deferral was decided as per guidelines given by national health authority. Results: A total of 10,000 donors were screened of which 99% were voluntary donors (VD). The total 598 donors were deferred among 10000 registered during study period. The total donor deferral rate was 6%. The percentage of deferral amongst males was 5.7% and females 7.4%. A majority (65%) of the deferred donors were between 18 to 30 years. The major causes of deferral were anemia and hypertension. Analysis of the deferrals showed that the proportion of temporary deferral was more common than the permanent deferral. Conclusion: Conducting pre-donation camp awareness session can reduce the deferral rate. Temporarily deferred individuals must be informed and followed up to encourage donation in future.   Keywords: Blood donation, Criteria, Deferral, Donor Screening

Open full article page

Abstract

Background: Male breast cancer is a rare disease compared to female breast cancer. The reason of the low incidence rate in men is the relatively low amount of breast tissue along with the difference in their hormonal environment. Even though breast tissue is less in men as compared to women, the factors that influence malignant changes are similar. The rare nature of disease and lack of surveillance system for male breast cancer it makes a difficult disease to study. Present study was carried out to understand clinipathological features of male breast lesions. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out in a tertiary care center for 5yeras duration (Jan 2014 to Dec 2018) at pathology department. Demographic, history and histopathological details of male breast lesion were retrieved from database at pathology department. Results: Median age of cases was 58.34+6.67yrs and range of 54-80years. Very few had family history of breast cancer. Alcoholism, obesity and chronic liver disease were risk factors. Most of them were diagnosed as gynecomastia on histopathology findings. One case of phylloid tumor. Conclusion: Changing lifestyle and environmental condition may rise MBC in the future, understanding epidemiology and pathology is need of time for early diagnosis and management.   Keywords: Breast, Lesion, Male, Pathology, Risk

Open full article page

Abstract

Introduction: Acute leukemia are characterized by clonal expansion of immature myeloid or lymphoid precursors (blasts). The blasts cells are known to replace the normal hematopoietic tissues and to invade other organs of the body as well. Anemia, hemorrhage and infections occurring due to bone marrow failure are the top three complications of acute leukemia & chronic leukemia. Materials and Methods: In this study the various types of leukaemia distribution carried out at tertiary care Hospital among various ethnic groups, in terms of types, age, sex. This retrospective study over a five years period between January 2014 to December 2018, carried out in the department of Pathology, at tertiary care Hospital. Diagnosis was done with the help of peripheral blood count, peripheral blood smear and bone marrow examination for morphology along with cytochemistry study whenever required. FAB classification is followed in the present study. Results: Different patterns of acute leukemia were reported, in the present study. According to haematological parameters, following cases of acute leukemia 128 cases (69.18%), & chronic leukemia of 55 cases (29.72 %) were reported. Also 47 cases (25.40%) & 8 cases (4.32%) were reported as CML & CLL respectively. Conclusions: The present study showed that AML is more common than ALL. It is observed that ALL is more common ly seen in children. The incidence of AML is higher in adults in comparison to children and decreases towards older age. Keywords: Leukaemia, Bone marrow, Cytochemistry, Haematological.

Open full article page

Abstract

Bone marrow aspiration & biopsy examination is often required for diagnosis & management of haematological disorders which have diverse modes of presentation. Mostly of the haematological disorders present as anaemia, which are diagnosed by bone marrow aspiration (BMA) and bone marrow biopsy (BMB). I n the department of pathology, the study was conducted to compare the role of bone marrow aspirate and trephine biopsy for diagnosing the haematological diseases and indications. Materials and Methods: To check the role of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in the diagnosis of haematological disorders this is the aim of study. In the department of pathology at tertiary care teaching hospital this study was conducted over a period of 2 years from November 2016 to October 2018. A total of 572 cases were included in this study. Results: In the present study, both aspiration and biopsy cases were available are 572 were included. The age ranged from 6 months to 84 years. The 326(56.99%) were males and 246(43%) were females with M: F=1.32 :1. Clinical indications for bone-marrow examination, The most common indication was pancytopenia of 201 cases (35.13%) followed by anaemia 167 cases (29.19%), malignancy 79 cases (13.81%), Hepatosplenomegaly 48 cases (8.39%), thrombocytopenia 47 cases (8.21%) and fever 30 cases (5.24 %). Most of the cases had hypercellular bone marrow (53%) followed by normocellular marrow (32%) and hypocellular marrow (15%). Keywords: Bone marrow, Biopsy, Examination, Haematological disorders.

Open full article page