Farah Ahsan

Objective: The aim and objective of study was to categorize and calculate the percentage error of pre-analytical variables in the clinical biochemistry laboratory. Materials and Methods: A Prospective study was Conducted at Central laboratory Department of Biochemistry Shri Mahant Indresh Hospital for a period of three months from December 2021 to February 2022.During this period different types of pre-analytical errors were monitored. Results: Out of 279,137 samples received during the study period, 152 samples were found to be unsuitable for testing, accounting 0.054% of the rejection. All the samples were rejected due to different types of pre-analytical errors that are due to haemolysis 140 (0.050%) followed by wrong sample 6 (0.0021%), Typing error 3 (0.00107%) and Wrong ID 1(0.00035%).Out of these rejection 148 samples were from IPD and 4 samples were from OPD. Conclusion: Pre-analytical errors occurring in each laboratory have to be checked. In this study pre-analytical errors in IPD samples were more than OPD samples. Such errors are not inevitable and can be avoided with diligent application of quality control, continuing education and effective collection system. Keywords: Pre­analytical errors, Hemolysis, Rejection, Frequency of errors

Objective: We aimed to provide correlation of Total Cholesterol, TG & HDL in population of Uttarakhand. Materials and Methods: 300 patients who came to Medicine OPD in Shri Mahant Indresh Hospital. Fasting Serum samples taken for lipid profile in patients coming to medicine OPD and run on VITROS 5600/7600 which is based on dry chemistry. Results: With 300 patients of more than 83 were females & 217 were males. For both males & females age mean & SD for HDL was 32.03±13.69 & for females 30.06±11.83. For males & females age mean & SD for Total Cholesterol 114.5±23.24 & 114.1±23.53 & Age mean & SD for triglycerides for males & females.130.1±62.74 & 137.1±79.78. Results Only raised and unraised values for HDL & TG were significant with p value 0.0013 of HDL & p value 0.0001 of triglycerides. TG/HDL ratio was associated with cardio-metabolic risk factors which should be done in each individual for follow up.   Keywords: Total cholesterol, TG, HDL, Uttarakhand.

Objective: We aimed to provide correlation of HbA1c & Microalbumin in urine in patients of metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: 100 patients coming to OPD of Medicine department in Shri Mahant Indresh Hospital. Plasma samples taken for Hba1c and urine for microalbumin and run on VITROS 5600/7600 and reported for Hba1c & microalbumin. Results: 51 were males and 49 were females out of 100 total patients. For males age mean & SD was 55.84±13.52 & for females was 57.56±10.08. For raised and unraised HbA1c 10.42±+9.628 & 5.066±.0.216 for raised and unraised microalbumin 412.±1133 & 11.97±7.129. When we compared both HbA1c and microalbumin in both males and females then mean and SD came out to for HbA1C for males 8.56±2.663 and females were 11.62±12.86 with t value 2.327 and p value 0.021 that states it was significant. And for micralbumin for male 391.5±1184 & for females 60.37±116.6 t value was 2.7832 and p value was 0.0059 it also states it was significant. Therefore both the parameters were significant in patients of metabolic syndrome.   Keywords: Microalbuminuria, Diabetes.

Objective: We aimed to provide Correlation of Hs Troponin I & Uric Acid in patients of Myocardial Infarction. Materials and Methods: 100 patients who came to cardiac emergency in Shri Mahant Indresh Hospital. Serum samples taken for Hs Troponin I and Uric Acid for patients of Myocardial Infarction and run on VITROS 5600/7600 which is based on dry chemistry. Results: With 100 patients of more than 40 years of age 61 were males & 39 were females. For both males & females age mean & SD was 59.8±10.77. In our study we took 100 random patients coming to cardiac emergency out of which 50 patients had raised trop I and 45 patients had raised uric acid levels. Out of those 50 patients with raised HS Trop I 25 patients had raised values for uric acid. For Hs Trop I males – 21.88±48.8 & females 1676±57.58. For uric acid for males-6.545±3.75 & for females- 6.315±1.86. Therefore Hs Trop I & uric acid were both significant when compared with age T value was 2.7001 and P value was 0.0075. Whereas when compared with sex that is male and female to both Hs Trop I and uric acid then Hs Trop I was more significant with P value 0.0001. Conclustion: Uric acid is an economical marker that is readily, quickly and reliably obtainable & can be one of the predictable prognostic indicator in acute Myocardial Infarction.   Keywords: Hs troponin I, Serum uric acid, Myocardial Infarction.

Objective: We aimed to provide correlation of Fasting & PP C-peptide with HbA1C in patients of T2 Diabetes Mellitus. Materials and Methods: 50 patients admitted in IPD of Medicine department in Shri Mahant Indresh Hospital from April-August 2021. Serum samples taken for fasting & PP C-peptide and HbA1C for patients of T2 Diabetes Mellitus and run on VITROS 5600/7600 which is based on dry chemistry. Results: We took 50 patients who were T2DM then we did fasting C peptide & PP C-peptide and HbA1c. Out of 50, 15 were females &35 were males. Out of 50, 45 patients had raised HbA1C maximum around 8-10. Mean & SD for fasting C-Peptide for males was 1.346±1.070 & for females 2.442±2.57. Mean & SD for Post prandiol C-Peptide for males was 4.208±5.020 & for females 2.993±2.130. It was significant for fasting C- Peptide with P value 0.0371 and non significant for PP C peptide with p value 0.3731. Conclusion: Insulin secretion estimated by measurement of Fasting C-Peptide was either normal or raised in newly diagnosed T2DM subjects in my study indicating predominant role of insulin resistence in the etiology. Further research can explore the exact contribution of insulin resistence and insulin secretory defects in this area.   Keywords: Fasting Cpeptide, Post prandiol Cpeptide, T2 Diabetes Mellitus, Uttarakhand