Harendra Kumar

Abstract

Introduction: In China, Wuhan City became the epicentre of unexplained cases of pneumonia in December 2019 and was temporarily labelled as, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). World Health Organization renamed it to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in February 2020. In COVID-19 patients hematological profile showed increased total leukocyte count (TLC) and neutrophilic count, while decrease in other hematological parameters. The mild increase in TLC was found in severe disease patients; however significant increase was associated with clinical worsening and poor outcome. Significant elevation of various biochemical and inflammatory markers was noticed among COVID-19 patients Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on RT-PCR confirmed 239 COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in various COVID-19 facilities from Sept 2020 to Dec 2020. The laboratory data is used in de-identified form and doesn’t reveal identity of any subjects. Results: A total of 239 cases were examined, out of which 176(73.7%) were male and 63(26.3%) were female (M:F ratio= 2.79:1). We found that 104 cases had Hb level ? 12gm/dl. We found that maximum patients (175) had TLC level >11000/cumm, 187 patients had ANC level > 7000/cumm. We found that 160 cases had serum urea of >43mg/dl, 134 case with serum creatinine of >1.4gm/dl.134 cases had ALT level of >40IU/L and 143 cases had AST levels of >42IU/L In this study out of 239 cases 126 cases were found to have increased level of all inflammatory markers levels. Conclusion: We found a significant association of various inflammatory markers with haematological and biochemical parameters in COVID-19 patients.   Keywords: SARS­CoV­2 infection, Procalcitonin, Ferritin, D­dimer, Lactate dehydrogenase

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Introduction: Oral cancers are one of the 10 leading cancers in the world. However, in India, it is one of the most common cancers and constitutes a major public health problem. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a well-known malignancy that accounts for more than 90% of all oral cancers. Materials and Methods: The study is carried out on 40 biopsy samples received on oral mucosa, in Department of Pathology of our institute. Result: Maximum numbers of patients were from 3th to 6th decade in our study. 38 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma were observed, out of which 31 (81.57%) were male, and 07 (18.42%) cases were female. The most common site was tongue (50%), followed by buccal mucosa (18.42%), 06 patients (15.78%) had lesion at palate. Thirty-five (92.10%) cases had a significant history of tobacco use/smoking, whereas 03 (7.89%) did not have any history of tobacco use. We observed Ki-67 LI for normal oral mucosa was 14 ± 5.6%. In well-differentiated carcinoma, the KI-67 LI was 28.52 ± 21.25%, which increased to 42.85 ± 18.2% in moderately differentiated carcinoma and 68.57 ± 17.6% in poorly differentiated carcinoma. Conclusion: Ki-67 acts as an excellent marker of cellular proliferation. There is a statistical difference in KI-67 overexpression between various grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal oral mucosa (p value   Keywords: Oral cancer, Ki-67, SCC.

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Mixed germ cell tumours (MGCT) of the ovary are malignant neoplasms of the ovary comprising of two or more types of germ cell components. Most of the malignant MGCT consists of dysgerminoma accompanied by endodermal sinus tumours, immature teratoma or choriocarcinoma. There are only few case reports of MGCTs with different combinations of malignant components. We present a very rare case of malignant MGCT in a 05 years old female child, who presented with difficulty in defecation for 6 months, swelling over sacral region for 2 months, along with bilateral inguinal swellings and difficulty in urination for 1 week. Swelling was firm, non-mobile & non-tender measuring 6.6x5 cm. On cytology it was diagnosed as malignant germ cell tumour, which was confirmed on histology as malignant MGCT (predominantly yolk sac tumour >90% and embryonal carcinoma ( Keywords: MGCT, Yolk sac tumour, AFP.

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Introduction: Medullary thyroid carcinoma is an uncommon primary thyroid tumour (5-10% of all thyroid malignancies) arising from parafollicular cells or C-cells. Most tumours are sporadic (75-80%) and familial syndrome multiple endocrine neoplasia; MEN-2A, MEN-2B and familial MTC in 20 to 25% cases. Case Report: We report a case of primary medullary thyroid carcinoma in a 30 years old male patient presented with complaint of midline neck swelling. On fine needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of medullary carcinoma was suggested with a differential of SETTLE (spindle epithelial tumor with thymus like differentiation). The swelling was excised and send for histopathological examination which revealed polygonal to plump spindle shaped tumor cells, arranged in lobules separated by fibrous septa, having abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm with round to oval nuclei, finely stippled nuclear chromatin and indistinct nucleoli and diagnosed as primary medullary thyroid carcinoma, confirmed on immunohistochemistry. Conclusion: MTC is the first human malignancy known to be associated with tumour marker and hormone calcitonin.  Immunohistochemistry has definite role in confirmation of diagnosis. Keywords: Amyloid, Medullary carcinoma, Procalcitonin, Synaptophysin.

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