Prashant R Patel

Abstract

Introduction: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a simple, safe, low-cost and rapid procedure for diagnostic purpose which makes surgical intervention and exploratory laparotomy unnecessary. The deep seated organs like gall bladder, spleen, pancreas, retroperitoneum and ovary are sampled safely and routinely aspirated using the fine needle under radiological guidance. Aims: To assess the utility of FNAC in the diagnosis of intraabdominal lesions, to study the cytomorphological features and to determine the reliability of ultrasonography guided FNAC in distinguishing neoplastic from non-neoplastic intraabdominal mass lesions. Materials and Methods: The study included 48 intra-abdominal lesions which were detected clinically or radiologically. USG guided FNA was done whenever indicated. The smears were stained with Haematoxylin and eosin (H and E), May Grunwald Giemsa (MGG) and Papanicolaou’s stains. Results: Among 48 cases, 45 cases were usg-guided, 2 cases were blind and one case was intraoperative. The diagnostic yield of usg-guided FNAC was 84.4%.Majority of aspirations were done in the age group of 51-60 years with male:female ratio of 1:1.53. Most common organ subjected to FNA was Liver followed by ovary. Majority of the lesions were found to be malignant. The most common lesion encountered in the whole study was metastastatic carcinoma. Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a repeatable and rapid diagnostic procedure that has application in the evaluation of deep seated abdominal mass lesions. With the help of radiological guidance, diagnostic accuracy of FNAC of deep seated lesions dramatically increases.   Keywords: Cytomorphology, Guided FNAC, Intraabdominal lesions

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Abstract

Background: incidence of anaemia is a very common but prevalence of anaemia is disproportionately high in developing countries. With proper clinical history, haematological and bone marrow examination findings proper evaluation and management of patients with anaemia can be made. Microscopic examination of bone marrow aspirate is the gold standard for assessing marrow iron store. However, conventional Gale’s method assesses iron in marrow fragments alone which provides little valuable information about functional iron deficiency seen in many chronic diseases. Aim: Thisstudy is conducted to measure iron grading using perl’s Prussian blue staining in various hematological conditions. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study of Perl’s Prussian blue stained bone marrow aspirate smears of 130 patients with anaemia. A CBC, Reticulocyte count and Bone marrow iron was assessed by the Gale’s method in this study. Result: After excluding 9 cases of dry tap, 121 cases were evaluated in our study. 78.57% of cases (61 cases) diagnosedas microcytic anaemia had iron store very low (grade 0 and 1). In patients with megaloblastic anaemia (15 cases), 46.7% of cases (7 cases) had iron store grade was normal, but in 8 cases iron grade was low. In patients with dimorphic anaemia (23 cases), 78.3% of cases (18 cases) had iron store grade was normal. Conclusion: Bone marrow aspiration with application of Prussian blue stain is useful to investigate patients with suspected iron deficiency anaemia, anaemia of chronic disease, megaloblastic anaemia and acute leukemia.   Keywords: Iron gradding, Bonemarrow, Anaemia

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Background: Leprosy is one of the oldest and chronic infectious diseases known to human being caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Leprosy has been declared eliminated (prevalence rate Aim: To evaluate the importance of skin biopsy in detecting and diagnosing and subtyping of leprosy. Materials and Methods: This was hospital based retrospective and prospective study of 113 clinically diagnosed cases of leprosy. Skin biopsies were received, processed and stained by H & E stain followed by Fite-faraco method to classify histopathological types of leprosy. Results: A total 113 cases were studied out of them 73.45% were male and 26.54% were female. Majority of them 32% belonged to 21 -30 years age group. Lepromatous leprosy was noted maximum in 35.39% cases. Conclusion: Histopathology plays an important role in making definite diagnosis of leprosy.   Keywords: Leprosy, Mycobacterium leprae, Hansen disease

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