Gaurav Dubey

Abstract

Background: In recent years, some epidemiological surveys of common eye diseases and prevalence and risk factors for blindness and low vision have been carried out in various parts of India. Still, very little information is available on the prevalence of ocular diseases in Jammu Kashmir, particularly those who live in the remote areas of Kashmir. Methodology: A total of 234 patients attended the eye OPD, which constituted the study's sample size. The patient was screened, keeping COVID-19 guidelines in mind. Sanitization and social distancing were maintained. Visual acuity was evaluated using Snellen's chart for the literates and illiterate E chart for the illiterates from 6m. Both Objective and subjective refraction was performed on a patient to determine refractive error. Anterior segment was examined with torchlight and magnifying loupe & slit lamp if and where necessary. The fundus was examined on a slit lamp using the +90D or with Direct Ophthalmoscope. Refractive error was quantified in terms of spherical equivalent. The visual acuity of a patient was converted into LOG MAR for statistical calculation. Result: A total of n=234 patients were examined for evaluation of ocular morbidity, of which 97(41.45%) were male %, and 137(58.55%) were female with a male to female ratio of 7: 10. The mean age of the patients was 36.96 ± 23.93 years.56.8% were diagnosed with refractive error and 30.8% with cataracts. There was a statistically significant relationship between increasing age and cataracts. Conclusion: As Refractive error and cataracts were the emerging ocular morbidity, the population is living in the remote areas of Kashmir, especially children, should get quality eye care.   Keywords: Ocular morbidity, Refractive error, Cataract, LogMAR chart, Diabetic retinopathy.

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Background: Contact lens are used by people nowadays seen in the previous studies. To know about the knowledge on their practice and attitude towards using contact lens is necessary to state the safety measures and to understand the benefits of using contact lens by population. Objective: To investigates the correlation between knowledge on practice and attitude towards contact lens among the population of South Delhi. To identify the factors responsible for the increasing demand of contact lens among urban population of South Delhi. Materials and Methods: A semi structured questionnaire was used to know about the knowledge on practice and attitude towards contact lens use among participants. Results: In this survey 104 participants have participated. In between 18 to 30 years of age the contact lens wearers generally had poor knowledge on practice with regards to appropriate parameters of using contact lens and their complications. Wearers exhibiting a positive attitude with satisfactory hand hygiene and lens cleaning practices, important aspects such as lens case hygiene, storage and lens removal practices were found to be good . Compliance with after-care visits was poor. Conclusion: Knowledge on Practice and Attitude towards contact lens among urban population of South –Delhi in India is mainly for good vision as well as cosmetic reasons. Accordingly, there is a need for health education program for awareness on how to use contact lenses and what are the benefits for using contact lens among the non-users of contact lens in the given population. These programs should aim at promoting Contact Lens hygiene practices, Benefits of using contact lenses and eliminating the likelihood of Contact Lens related complications.   Keywords: Contact lens use, South Delhi population.

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Aim: To find the correlation between visual field and retinal nerve layer thickness in adult North Indian population from Gurugram region with glaucoma suspect. Materials and Methods: Correlative and quantitative study was carried between the visual field and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness of 400 adult eyes. The age of subjects participating in the study ranged between 18 to 80 years with mean age 45 ± 14years. The standard automated perimetry was acquired by Humphrey visual field analyser using 24-2 SITA standard strategy. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was measured by Spectral Domain OCT (3D OCT2000FA). Visual field was performed on the same day or within ± three months of OCT acquisition. Statistical analysis was performed using MS Excel, SPSS (ver.20) and other descriptive statistical tools. Results: The mean MD and PSD were -2.79 dB ±2.21 and 2.52 dB ±1.49, respectively. The average thickness of RNFL of the four quadrants calculated was 98.40 µm±10.70. RNFL thickness in an inferior and superior quadrant was 122.49µm ± 16.71 and 118.86 µm ±15.21 respectively. The mean cup to disc area ratio (CDAR) in the glaucoma suspect subject was 0.60± 0.10, and the vertical cup to disc ratio (VCDR) was 0.74± 0.074. Correlation of the average RNFL thickness, Inferior RNFL thickness and superior RNFL thickness with GHT was 0.245(P=0.011), 0.19 (P=0.094) and 0.27, (P=0.004), respectively. Superior RNFL thickness showed a more significant Correlation (r= 0.193, P Conclusion: Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness demonstrated a weak to mild and statistically significant correlation with the visual field. The correlation of average RNFL thickness with Visual field global indices and parameters were significant but weaker. Correlation between superior RNFL thicknesses was highest with GHT in adult North India Gurugram subjects with glaucoma suspect. Superior RNFL thickness showed a higher Correlation with Mean deviation (MD) and VFI of the visual field   Keywords: Glaucoma suspect, Visual field, Retinal nerve fiber layer, Visual field index, Macular thickness.

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Purpose: To described enhanced imaging for visualization of anatomic features and microstructures of Bergmeister papilla within the optic nerve in asymptomatic patient. Primary measure is to see any change in the morphological characteristic in asymptomatic patient with Bergmeister papillae. Secondary outcome measures is to see any effect on parameters of OCT in asymptomatic patient with Bergmeister papillae. Materials and Methods: Carl Zeiss Cirrus HD 21 Line Raster OCT Model 5000 scanning protocol of the optic nerve and the optic disc cube 200×200 program obtains ONH images through a 3.46-mm diameter circle, and the algorithm automatically detects the circle and positions around the ONH and in the macular region were obtained in the both Eye. Fundus photo performed with Zeiss Fundus visucam 500. Clinical examination was carried out with Carl Zeiss Cirrus HD 21 Line Raster OCT Model 5000 scanning protocol of the optic nerve and the optic disc cube 200×200 program obtains ONH images through a 3.46-mm diameter circle was obtained in the both eye. Result: Zeiss Cirrus HD 21 Line Raster OCT showed hyperreflectivity overlying traction on the right optic nerve with normal Foveal Contour while in the left eye (OS) optic nerve and macula were normal. Fundoscopic examination showed in the right eye(OD), a overlying traction was identified in the optic nerve supero-nasal region, while in the left eye(OS), the fundus was normal. Conclusion: Optical coherence tomography helps in identification of Bergmeister papilla with peripapillary vitreous thickening is beneficial in monitoring vitreo-retinal alterations that may cause future vision impairment.   Keywords: Optical coherence tomography, Bergmeister papilla.

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