Kaneez Fatima

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of various refractive errors in children attending ophthalmology out patient department of a tertiary hospital. Materials and Methods: 173 children with defective vision were assessed for refractive errors during June 2021- June 2022. Results: Females accounted for the majority of children (61.6%). Most common type of refractive error was myopia (52%) followed by hyperopia (27.2%) and the least common was astigmatism(20.8%). Myopic astigmatism was the most common variety in cases of astigmatic cases(72.2%). The frequency of myopia increased with increasing age of children. This association was found to be statistically significant (p Conclusions: Refractive errors when uncorrected can lead to amblyopia and strabismus and hence school based and community based screening is necessary to get a real estimate of the burden of uncorrected refractive errors.   Keywords: Children, Myopia.

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Abstract

Objectives: To assess the prevalence and severity of dry eye in post menopausal women presenting to our hospital. And to assess the prevalence of various types of dry eye in post-menopausal women. Materials and Methods: 100 post-menopausal women were subjected to various tests for dry eye from June 2020 to June 2021. Results: Out of 100 participants in our study, 33 (33%) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of dry eye. The prevalence of dry eye showed an upward trend with increasing age, from only 2 (10.5%) in 46-50 years of age group to 13 (61.9%) in 66-70 years. The most common presenting symptoms were redness, urning and grittiness. It was found that 4 (12.1%) patients had evaporative type of dry eye,13 (39.3%) had tear deficient type and the most common variety was mixed type which was present in 16 (48.4%). 21% had mild dry eye, 9% had moderate and 3% had severe type of dry eye disease. Conclusions: Milder forms of dry eye are more common and hence easily missed than severe forms. Every woman should have a regular eye check-up after menopause so that dry eye as a cause of visual impairment could be excluded and treated in time to prevent further ocular morbidity. Keywords : Dry eye, Post­menopausal women, Schirmer's test

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