Reshmina Chandni Clara D’souza

Abstract

Background and objective of the study : Among all the muscular skeletal disorders that affect students, cervicalgia is one of the worst, and its persistence has always been a cause of worry. The younger individuals, though the persistent neck pain is very rare, yet there is a need to identify those factors that lead to its chronicity, so that it can be prevented. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was carried out on 390 healthy students belonging to the medical and paramedical undergraduate courses of two different medical colleges in a smart city. Study was carried over a period of 5 years from the period of December 2014 to December 2019. The study included all the students who consented to the study and where willing to participate in that. All the students were given a questionnaire at the beginning of the study and data was collected at the end of 4 months, 8 months and 12 months. In those patients where diagnosis having persistent neck pain, where were completely evaluated in order to find out the possible risk factors that can be associated with the persistence of neck pain. Results and Observations : In the study we recruited 300 students from two medical colleges in the city of Mangalore Dakshina Kannada, smart City e in South India. In these students 200 where students from medical College 50 students from the physiotherapy College and another 50 students from allied sciences that included radiography and laboratory technicians. It was observed that. At the end of 1 year following recruitment, 61% of the individuals had complaints of neck pain. Of which on follow up 21% has persistent neck pain. Of the 61% that is 183 cases who complained of neck pain at 1 year only 120 cases, that is 40% at persistence in the end of second year. Among these 120 cases, 99 cases had use of computer for more than 12 hours a day or the use of mobile phones specially while sleeping at night for more than 4-5 hours for a day. Of those who are using the computer they further analysed for the position of the screen and the mouse, 81 of the 99 cases reported that they used it as suitable to them, without the proper ergonomics. It was noted that the most severe pain was in the second year following which they did adjustments in the posture which reduce the severity of pain. Also so said that pain use to appear after working on the computer for more than 2 hours in those who had computer related neck pain comma and if the mobile phone was used in the sleeping posture for more than an hour it lead to neck pain. We also noted that the use of computer for entertainment purposes had a higher incidence than those who used for educational purposes. Those who used a screen time on mobile phone more during the night time had a higher incidence of neck pain than those who used most screen time during the day time.  Conclusion : In the study we concluded that the incidence of neck pain is higher among undergraduate students especially during the initial years of the course full stop the use of assisted learning modalities like computers and mobile phones have increased the incidence of neck pain among young. Though there is still and uncertainty about the factors that can cause neck pain in young and cannot be pointed out with accurate precision, it is what vi to considered to reduce the using of additional assisted modalities for both entertainment and education so that the morbidity that is associated with neck pain is reduced especially on the long-term Keywords: Persistence cervicalgia, Students, Risk factors.

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Abstract

Introduction and Objective: There has been a steady increase in the incidence of brain lesions both benign and malignant in the rast decade as a result of the advances that have taken place in medical imaging technology. It is also a known fact that the overall malignancy rate has increased in the past decade as a result of various factors. Unlike other areas in the body it should be remembered that the brain tissue is not directly accessible to the exterior, and localization of the lesion is difficult in the three dimension in the brain making the tissue diagnosis difficult. With the increasing use of technology for detections at times when imaging like Computer tomography done for other conditions like vehicular accidents, headache or even at request of the patient, lesions of brain that were asymptomatic come to light. It is the responsibility of the health personnel to see that the corrects diagnosis be done and not leave the patient and the care takers to the dilemma of the disease. MR spectroscopy is useful in establishing the diagnosis of by demonstration of elevated choline, a metabolite that is found in the normal brain and raised in tumors due to high cell turnover. We kept all this in mind aimed at evaluating brain lesions comparing MRS with histopathology. Materials and Methods: The study was a prospective non randomized analytical study conducted on 40 successive cases who met pre-defined criteria who had come to the radiology department of father muller medical college for MRI brain, with clinical suspicion of brain tumour or MRI detected brain tumour. Results and Observations: In our study we found that abnormal Magnetic resonanc regions had consistently lower NAA than in normal-appearing tissue, which is consistent with the theory that NAA is found primarily in neurons, and that tumour and necrotic and reactive tissues all demonstrate an abnormally low neuronal cell density. Conclusion: We concluded that Magnetic resonance spectroscopy could recognize regions the location and the type of tumor, also help in distinguishing them from normal tissue thus helping in guiding surgical biopsies and planning focal therapies. Keywords: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Central nervous system, Brain tumor.  

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Abstract

Introduction: Oral cancer is considered s one of the commonest cancers affecting the Indian population. In our study we studied this knowledge in the healthcare system to evaluate their knowledge regarding oral cancer. In India most often the common man seeks help of a known person or a relative in the medical field than the doctor for an initial opinion, this is possibly due to the fear and the social stigma associated with the disease. Therefore the authors of this study felt the need to educate the students well early in the course of the disease about oral cancer. So decided in the present study we decided to study the knowledge attitude and practices of undergraduate students of various health care divisions regarding oral cancer at the level of interns before they finish internship. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at the medical colleges of Karnataka. The second year students of the medical, paramedical and nursing colleges were the target population of the study. The study was conducted between 2014 December and 2017 December. There was a questionnaire consisting of various questions in regard to oral cancer which participants who were willing to part-take in the study had to fill before and after being taught regarding the disease. The data was analyzed. Results: Among the participants the nursing professionals had a better understanding of oral cancers than the medical and paramedical students before they taught. Conclusion: In conclusion, the lack of knowledge amongst the participants’ is indicative of the fact that only a few people have effective the disease early decrease the morbidity of oral cancer. Keywords: Oral cancer, Indian population, Undergraduate, Students, Knowledge, Attitude.

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