Rohit Kulshrestha

Aim: To measure the inter-radicular spaces in both arches for miniscrew implant placement and to determine the most reliable sites using CBCT. Materials and Methods: A CBCT radiograph was taken for 75 subjects that met with inclusion criteria. They were divided into 3 categories- Hypodivergent, average, and hyperdivergent group. Images were calibrated by using software and printed as a film. Interradicular space on the right side of the jaw was measured in the sagittal plane after assuming the jaw to be symmetrical. Bucco-lingual and mesiodistal width were measured up to desired bone levels. Results: In vertical growth pattern, in posterior maxilla highest mesiodistal width between 2nd premolar and 1st molar at 7mm. In the mandible, it was between the 1st and 2nd molar at 11mm. In horizontal growth pattern, in posterior maxilla highest mesiodistal width between 1st and 2nd premolar, and mandible it was between 1st and 2nd molar at 11mm. In average growth pattern, in posterior maxilla highest mesiodistal width between 2nd premolar and 1st molar and 1st molar at 7mm. In the mandible, it was between the 1st and 2nd molar at 11mm. Conclusion: The importance of the relationship between the growth pattern and the availability of inter radicular space may aid the clinician in planning appropriate surgical sites for miniscrew implant placement. Keywords: Miniscrew, Implants, Interradicular bone anchorage

Nowadays many dental professionals have been complaining of severe pain in the lower back and neck region. This is mainly due to the improper chair side positioning and stance. Mostly this measure is taken to achieve the direct vision while working on the patients. Cervical Spondylosis, slip disc, muscle injuries are few of the conditions which are seen if improper chair side posture is maintained for a long time. Our working posture needs to be ideal while working for long hours as this will help in the prevention of any injuries seen due to our occupation. Joint stiffness of the hands, carpal tunnel syndrome and blurred vision are some other occupational hazards associated with dentists. This article is a comprehensive review that mentions the hazardous effects of improper chair side posture and suggests some exercises to avoid injury in the long run. Keywords: Posturodontics, Ergonomics, Musculoskeletal disorders.

Patients on anticonvulsants, calcium channel blockers and immuno-suppressants therapy often experience gingival overgrowth. Oral functions like mastication, speech, tooth eruption and aesthetics is hampered by gingival overgrowth. It impacts routine oral hygiene procedures which leads to increased plaque retention and resultant inflammatory overgrowth. Similar clinical and microscopic features of overgrowth are seen with the use of different drugs. Gingival overgrowth is treated by thorough oral prophylaxis i.e. scaling and polishing, drug substitution is done only if new drug has fewer adverse effects and if overgrowth persists surgical removal of excess soft tissue is advised. This article is a case report of commonly used calcium channel blocker Amlodipine which induces gingival overgrowth in few cases. It is treated by a combination of a rigorous oral hygiene regime, and in cases where aesthetics, function or speech are compromised surgery is advised.   Keywords: Gingival overgrowth, Drug, Management, Hyperplasia.

Aim: To evaluate the validity of Yen, W and Beta angle and to compare it with other commonly used sagittal measurements in Eastern Indian population. Materials and Methods: Sample size of 100 subjects (males -50, females 50, mean age - 25.5+-2 years) of indo aryan race were taken from the OPD of the College. The lateral cephalograms were traced for ANB, Wits appraisal, Beta angle, W angle and YEN angle. Lateral Cephalometric Head film was obtained with the patient positioned in Natural Head Position, seated Condyle, and with Passive Lips. The cephalograms were further traced by the same operator, this comprised the Cephalometric database for the study. The final results obtained were compared between Males and Females of the study to verify the acceptable standards of them. Results: There was no statistically significant gender wise difference. Hence a common normative range applicable for both the genders can be proposed. The results show that all five-skeletal cephalometric sagittal analyses i.e. ANB angle Wits analysis, BETA angle, YEN angle and W angle are reliable and can used in different populations without any gross deviations in the findings. Conclusion: Based on the present study, it can be concluded that no statistically significant differences in all parameters were found between the subjects of the Local Palamau population and also between the males and females. From the above statement ANB angle, Wits analysis, BETA angle, YEN angle and W angle can be used as they are reliable. All Keywords: Cephalometric norms, W angle, YEN angle, Beta angle.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) being a common metabolic disorder constitutes a global public health burden. As evidence from clinical research showing a strong relationship between DM & periodontal disease is mounting, this necessitates the global awareness about this relationship. Aim: Aim of the study is to assess the level of awareness about the mutual relationship between DM & periodontitis among high risk age group of the diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: A structured, closed ended questionnaire either in English or in local language were distributed and collected from 302 diabetic patients who are willing to participate in the study. The clinical implication of our study is to check the awareness of relationship between DM and periodontitis in these patients & recommend diabetic patients to see the dentist regularly. Results: Majority of patients (83.4%) of patient were not advised by their treating physician about regular dental checkup after being diagnosed as having Diabetes. After recording OHIS index it was observed that 44.2% of the population was unaware about the severity of disease. Conclusion: There is an insufficient knowledge among diabetes mellitus individuals about the mutual relationship between diabetes and periodontitis. To promote proper oral health and to reduce the risk of oral diseases, health professionals in both the dental and medical fields need to take responsibility for educating the public about the oral manifestations of diabetes and its complications. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, Bidirectional relation, Awareness.

Aim: To evaluate oral health awareness and hygiene practices among patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: A total of 500 patients in the age group of 15-35 years who had permanent dentition were selected using random sampling technique. A self-administered structured questionnaire including 15 multiple choice questions was given to them. The results were analysed using percentage. Results: The results of the study showed that nearly 62% patients did not follow the oral hygiene instructions, and despite being given instructions, most of them hesitated in practicing them consistently. An excellent finding was that all the patients used the toothbrush as an aid used to clean teeth. Conclusion: The knowledge and attitude of patients towards oral hygiene among orthodontic patients was minimal. Non-maintenance of oral health practices can be due to many factors. To name a few, may be ignorance and lack of motivation. Hence, intense oral hygiene programs should be established and should be inspected in the future. Keywords: Fixed orthodontic treatment, Oral hygiene.

The diversity of opinions among different authors has brought along a cascade of conflicts which led to the development of a series of controversies in the field of orthodontics. Controversy is a state of prolonged public dispute or debate, usually concerning a matter of opinion. The word was coined from the latin word “controversia”, as a composite of controversus- "turned in an opposite direction," from contra - "against" - and versus - "to turn against." In Orthodontics the word “controversy” stands a different meaning. Thus it is important to draw a clear distinction between Controversies and Orthodontic controversies. The aim of this article was too state the latest controversies in orthodontics and along with it provides evidence based studies so as to reach to an amicable conclusion. Keywords: Controversies, Extractions, Evidence based orthodontics.

Orthodontic forces can be dealt with numerically as vectors. At the point when in excess of one power is connected to a tooth, the forces can be consolidated to decide a solitary by and large resultant. Forces can likewise be isolated into segments so as to decide impacts parallel and perpendicular to the occlusal plane, Frankfort horizontal, or the long axis of the tooth. Forces produce either translation (bodily movement), rotation, or a combination of translation and rotation, depending upon the relationship of the line of action of the force to the center of resistance of the tooth. Since most forces are applied at the bracket, it is important to process equal force frameworks at the centre of resistance keeping in mind the end goal to anticipate tooth development. The point of this review article is to give us a knowledge on biomechanics in orthodontics which are utilized as a part of day by day practice. Keywords: Force, Moment, Couple, Biomechanics.

Aim: To compare soft tissue chin, upper lip thickness and length in patients with different mandibular divergent patterns. Materials and Methods: Pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of 180 patients was taken. Based on the mandibular plane angle (GoGn-SN), all the subjects were divided into three groups, Group 1 - hyper-divergent (30 males, 30 females), Group 2 - hypo-divergent (30 males, 30 females), Group 3- normo-divergent (30 males, 30 females). Soft tissue chin, upper lip thickness and length were measured on the cephalograms. The measurements were recorded by the same operator and analysed statistically. Results: Soft tissue chin thickness (Pog-Pog'), (Gn-Gn') and (Me-Me') was found to be statistically significant only between hyperdivergent & hypodivergent groups (p=0.008), (p Conclusion: Soft tissue chin thickness was greatest in the hypodivergent group as compared to the other groups. Greater values for lip thickness were observed for hypodivergent patients. No difference in lip length was seen for all the groups. Keywords: Soft tissue analysis, Cephalometrics, Mandibular divergence.