Massive hydrothorax during supracostal approach for percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A case report

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a technique commonly used for renal stone disease. Supracostal approach is required many times for stone in upper renal calices, with significant risk of hydrothorax and pneumothorax. In this case report, we are discussing hydrothorax as a complication of PCNL performed via supracostal approach.

Keywords: Massive Hydrothorax, Supracostal approach, Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), Pneumothorax.