Authors : Venkateshwarla Rama Raju, Venkateshwarla Rama Raju, Srinivas Konda, Srinivas Konda, Kavitha Rani Balmuri, Kavitha Rani Balmuri, Anvesh Balabhadra, Anvesh Balabhadra, BSV Raju, BSV Raju
DOI : 10.18231/j.ijn.2020.041
Volume : 6
Issue : 3
Year : 2020
Page No : 202-219
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a device-based well-developed and well-established innovative frontier surgical-therapeutic method which reduces the symptoms of Parkinson‘s disease (PD) and restores and increases the motor-functioning. DBS gives a unique-opportunity to study the electricaloscillatory( harmonic-ripples) neural-activity of various sub-cortical-structures in PD-subjects. However, the electrically-stimulating local field potentials (LFPs) are fundamentally concerned during subthalamicnuclei (STN) recording. The fluctuations, measured to signify collective neuronal-discharge from neurons surrounding the electrode. The acquisition of extracellular activity of irregular-patterns of STN-activity typically acquired from a population-of-neurons detected as” local field potentials” has discard luminosity on the pathophysiology and seizes the latent to pilot to elegance in modern DBS management. The recordings are often gathered with either intraoperative microelectrode for neuronal-activity and/or DBSleads for chronic-macro-stimulation and reflect oscillatory-activity within nuclei of the basal-ganglia
(BG) and thalamic-targets for diagnosing PD. LFP-recordings have numerous clinical implications and presently used to optimize DBS outcomes in closed-loop adaptive-devices/systems. However, the origins of the LFPs are implied softly and implicitly. Thus, the goal of this present study is to analyze LFP recordings within the milieu of clinical-applications for clinical-significancy and this goal is attained with frequency analysis ranging the band from 1Hz-250Hz and coherence band between 0 and 1 level. The results of the study suggest that the spatial-reach of the LFP can extend several millimeters. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the existing research which gives insights into the origin of LFP-signals and identify the variables that need to be considered when analyzing LFP-signals in clinical settings principally DBS-applications. Dependable-correlations between motor-features and the mechanisms of the LFP power-spectra (the power-spectral-density, PSD) imply that LFPs may serve as biomarkers (biosignals) for movement-disorders (MDs) as a clinical-relevance. In particular, the cardinal motor-feature has been shown to correlate with b -fluctuations and tremor cohered between 8Hz-28Hz. Thus, the local field-potential connotations are for enhanced electrode-targeting and for the development of a multi-channel/real-time and thus online, personalized adaptive/closed-loop-systems. Variables like geometry-of-the-electrode/recording-configuration can have a significant-effect on LFP-amplitude pulsewidth, stimulus-intensity and spatial-reach, whilst the effects of other variables, like electrode-impedance, are often trifling. Entropy was measured in all 12 patients (right-hemisphere with DBS “on” = 1.40.1; DBS off: 1.41.9; and left-hemisphere on: 1.50.1 and off: 2.31.2) for tremor-complexity while root mean square measured for amplitude. For the data consistency, coherence was applied to see the variation (inconsistency) and irrationality (if any) which was a normalized measure of linear association in frequency domain where in the bounded-measure was between 0 and 1. If it is more than 0.75 but less than or equal to 1 (i.e., > 0.75 1 = coherence) there is linear association else no coherence. In our computation, we
obtained coherence > 0.75.
Keywords: Coherence, Entropy, Implanted Pulse Generator (IPG), Local Field Potentials (LFPs), Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), Microelectrode Recording (MER), Parkinson‘s disease (PD), Power Spectral Density (PSD), Root Mean Square (RMS), Stimulus (or Stimulation) Paradigm, (or Model) (SP), Subthalamic-Nucleus (STN), Unified Parkinson‘s Disease Rating, Scale (UPDRS), United Kingdom Parkinson Disease, Society Brain Bank Criteria, (UK-PDS-BBC).