Application of nanoparticles for management of plant viral pathogen: Current status and future prospects

Plant viruses are responsible for nearly 47 % of all crop losses brought by plant diseases, which have a
considerable negative impact on agricultural output. Nanoparticles have the potential to greatly raise agricultural
output due to their wonderful applications in the fields of highly sensitive biomolecular detection, disease
diagnostics, antimicrobials, and therapeutic compounds. The application of nanotechnology in plant virology is
known as nanophytovirology, and it involves biostimulation, drug transport, genetic manipulation, therapeutic
agents, and induction of plant defenses. The inactivation and denaturation of capsid protein, nucleic acids (RNA
or DNA), and other protein constituents are involved in the underlying mechanism. To determine the precise
mechanism by which nanoparticles affect viral mobility, reproduction, encapsidation, and transmission, more
research is however required. Nanoparticles can be used to precisely detect plant viruses using nanobiosensors or
as biostimulants. The varieties of nanoparticles employed in plant virus control and their methods of virus
suppression are highlighted in this review.