Authors : Harsha Varthini Jayaraj, Tamizharasan Sakthivel, Punitha Sundarasamy, Dharanikumar Kesavan
DOI : 10.18231/j.jpbs.2025.005
Volume : 13
Issue : 1
Year : 2025
Page No : 26-34
Nanorobots are advanced tiny machines that execute specialized functions at the molecular and cellular levels. Originating from the concept introduced by Richard Feynman in 1959, nanorobotics has since evolved to incorporate biochips, positional nano-assembly, and biohybrid systems. These robots, typically measuring between 0.1 and 10 microns, are engineered to navigate within biological environments, utilizing innovative power sources such as glucose or external energy fields. Nanorobots have significant potential in medicine, especially for targeted medication delivery, diagnostics, and treatment of complicated disorders like cancer. Devices like Pharmacytes and Respirocytes mimic biological functions to enhance oxygen transport, administer precise doses of drugs, and repair damaged cells. Other specialized types, such as Clottocytes for rapid hemostasis and Chromallocytes for genetic therapy, demonstrate their broad applicability. Despite their advantages—such as precision, durability, and efficiency—nanorobots face challenges, including high developmental costs, complex designs, and ethical concerns regarding biological interfacing. Nanotechnology-based approaches such as 3D printing and bacteria-driven systems enhance the development and deployment of these devices. As nanorobotics progresses, it is poised to revolutionize industries ranging from biomedicine to environmental engineering, paving the way for groundbreaking applications in molecular manufacturing, diagnostics, and therapeutic interventions.