Authors : Karar N. J. Musafer, Mohammad Rava, Mohammed Baqur S. Al-Shuhaib
DOI : 10.1007/s13410-023-01265-6
Volume : 44
Issue : 2
Year : 2023
Page No : 42-48
Objective The Arab Gulf is highly vulnerable to T2DM and its serious consequences. The manner in which these populations respond to such alterations in their surroundings may largely be governed by their genetic makeup. This review aimed to screen the genetic loci candidates that are associated with T2DM to assess the most prominent one in the early diagnosis of this chronic dysfunction. Methods Variable pieces of literature were searched to assess the association between pathogenic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the onset of T2DM in the Arab Gulf countries. The effects of odd ratio (OR), sample sizes, and collaborations of the captured genes of the eligible studies were analyzed. The protocol was registered in National Institute for Health Research. Results Twenty-seven pathogenic SNPs were identified in 16 genes that were reported in 31 articles encompassing 15,982 patients and 11,976 controls. The highest numbers of conducted research were localized in Iraq and Saudi Arabia with 39% and 32%, respectively. HNF4A and TCF7L2 genes represent the most extensively studied pathogenic genes in terms of the number of individuals included and the number of T2DM-related loci, respectively. Intron SNPs exhibited the highest percentages of pathogenic loci associated with T2DM with 61%. Moderate association between the pathogenic SNPs and disease outcome was observed, but strengths and weights of association vary across studies. Conclusion For a better understanding of the molecular etiology of T2DM, finding SNPs, and establishing a meaningful genotype-phenotype connection for complicated diabetic disorders, the cumulative relevance of identified pathogenic SNPs in Arab Gulf was shown.