Authors : Vishwajeet Manohar Chavan, Girish Manohar Chavan, Aaluri Uma
DOI : 10.18231/j.pjms.2023.002
Volume : 13
Issue : 1
Year : 2023
Page No : 3-8
Introduction: Malaria is a febrile mosquito borne infectious disease which is caused by plasmodium. Malaria is one of the most deadliest and serious tropical disease ever witnessed by humanity. There are five species of plasmodium which are reported to infect humans. Out of the five species plasmodium falciparum has been reported to be the most deadliest form of plasmodium.
Materials and Methods: A systemic self-study was planned to analyze and study the current prevalence of malaria globally. With the application of electronic databases we searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, WHO website, Medline Plus, Health line & Cleveland Clinic web which were published in English language. This systemic self-study have reviewed the facts which were published earlier to determine the current scenario by vast study of statistics and derivation of facts. Vast analysis and along with proper examination of data were made to evaluate with final conclusion.
Observation: We observed and analyzed various surveys and studies conducted by World Health Organization which has stated that malaria have affected 90 countries and also territories in tropical and subtropical regions. In 2019 World Malaria Report documented over 96% of malarial death has occurred in African region. According to World Malarial Report, India also accounts for 3% of global burden of malaria. We also have observed in over 50% of estimated cases of malaria in India Plasmodium vivax have been the most infectious type of plasmodium. Irrespective of any country in the world India has by far the greatest plasmodium vivax incidences.
Conclusion: We hereby conclude our systematic self-study and vast analysis by stating these following facts that malaria is a mosquito borne infectious disease which is highly infectious and is caused by a unicellular microorganism known as plasmodium. Malaria is one of the most serious and fatal tropical disease ever witnessed by humanity. We analysed several studies and found that World Health Organization have estimated globally about 241 million clinical cases of malaria followed by 6,27,000 deaths of people. We also derive the fact that most of this death related malaria occurred in the African region. In 2019 World Malarial Report also confirmed that 96% of global death has occurred from the African continent. We further studied that India have also accounted 3% of total global burden of malaria. We further inferred based on our observational analysis that over 50% of urban malaria in India is caused by plasmodium vivax. We studied that there are five types of malaria along with the prevalence and inferred that plasmodium falciparum is the most fatal form of malaria and have accounted over 95% of death caused due to malaria in African region at 100% in sub-Saharan African region. We hereby positively conclude our self-study on prevalence of malaria across the world by drawing a report given by World Health Organization stating that global mortality rate has significantly reduced by 90% in the end of 20th century.
Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum, Sub-Saharan African region, World malarial report