Rakesh D Amrutkar

Abstract

Catalyst is a common word that comes across while studying chemistry especially while learning about chemical reactions. While some of the chemical reactions occur quickly, some take a long time and require extra materials or effort. In Chemistry, catalysts are defined as those substances which alter the rate of reaction by changing the path of reaction. Most of the time a catalyst is used to speed up or increase the rate of the reaction. However, if we go to a deeper level, catalysts are used to break or rebuild the chemical bonds between the atoms which are present in the molecules of different elements or compounds. In essence, catalysts encourage molecules to react and make the whole reaction process easier and efficient. The present review focuses on history, types and role of catalysis in organic reaction. Keywords: Catalysis, Reaction, Homogeneous, Photocatalyst

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Abstract

Industrial Chemistry in the new millennium is widely adopting the concept of “Green Chemistry” to meet the fundamental scientific challenges of protecting the health as well as environment, while maintaining the commercial viability. Use of Ionic liquids (IL) fit nicely into this bill with remarkably cutting the required reaction time and improving the yields and purity of the desired products. Other three more rapidly emerging areas of Green chemistry are Microwave Irradiation (MI), Phase transfer catalysis (PTC) & Sonochemistry (SC). Green chemistry is defined as the designing of chemical compounds and methods that minimizes or destroyed the use and generation of hazardous substances. The awareness of the said liquid is mainly due to their properties such as non flammability, lack of measurable vapor pressure, and good ability to dissolve organic, organometallic, and even some inorganic compounds. In this regards we report the applications of one of the Green Chemistry technique (Ionic liquid) with respect to Pharmaceuticals. Keywords: Ionic liquids (IL's), Physicochemical properties, Toxicity preparation, Green Chemistry

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