Gaurav B Modi

Abstract

Aim: Malaria is one of the known endemic disease in India. Malaria is transmitted by infected female anopheles mosquito vector transmitting mainly two Plasmodial species named P. falciparum and P. vivax. Prevalence of malaria is affected by atmospheric and socioeconomic condition of geographical area. Aim of the study is to know the prevalence of malaria and the seasonal trend of malaria at general hospital Palanpur, Banaskantha in western part of India. Material and Methods: This study was carried out at Central Laboratory, General Hospital, Palanpur, Banaskantha over period of July 2014 to June 2018. 41660 samples from fever patients were collected. We used Microscopic examination for the diagnosis of malaria by preparing thick and thin smears from these 41660 samples and stained using field stain. Results: We had collected total 41660 samples of fever patients. Out of 41660 samples, 688 samples were detected positive for malaria. So prevalence of malaria in our hospital was 1.65%. Prevalence of P. Vivax, P. Falciparum and mixed (infection of P. Falciparum and P. Vivax at a same time) were found 77.90%, 21.80% and 0.30% respectively. Malaria was seen relatively higher in males and affecting 15-30 years of age group more. Most cases of malaria were found in months of September and October near the end of monsoon and post monsoon season. Conclusion: From our study we concluded that there was high prevalence of P. vivax than P. Falciparum infection. Maximum numbers of cases were after major rainfall, reported in month of September and October. Morbidity and mortality of malaria must be reduced by strengthening Malaria Surveillance, risk factor assessment during pre and postmonsoon period. Premonsoon preventive actions need strengthening and strict monitoring of all these actions are needed. Keywords: Prevalence, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, Malaria, Thin and Thick smear, Seasonal trends.

View Article

Abstract

Aim: Blood transfusion is a life-saving therapeutic intervention and essential element of a health care system that plays a crucial role in the overall management of patients. Transfusion-transmissible infectious agents such as Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Syphilis are among the greatest threats to blood safety for recipients and WHO has recommended that these diseases should be screened to get safe blood. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of transfusion transmissible infections (TTI) among donors at District Hospital of Palanpur and compare it with other studies. Material and Methods: HBV, HCV and HIV were tested by ELISA and RAPID methods approved by NACO in voluntary as well as replacement blood donors. RPR was carried out for screening of syphilis. Results: Seroprevalence of Transfusion Transmitted Infections (TTIs) among blood donor is 1.712%. The prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis was found to be 0.043%, 0.259% 0.173% and 0.302% respectively in voluntary blood donors as against 0.238%, 1.549%, 0.715% and 1.788% being the seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis in replacement blood donors. The seroprevalence of TTIs in replacement donors (4.290%) is higher than voluntary donors (0.777%). Conclusion: Voluntary blood donors have been found to be safer than replacement blood donors. The present study concluded that motivating voluntary blood donors and diligent donor selection are the most effective way of ensuring adequate supplies of safe blood on a continuing basis. Keywords: Seroprevalence, Transfusion Transmitted Infections(TTIs), Blood donor, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV),Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Syphilis.

View Article