Dhiraj Nikumbh

Abstract

Introduction: Thrombocytopenia is not a disease itself, but a subnormal number of platelets in blood and is one of the most common causes of abnormal bleeding. The patient with thrombocytopenia often presents diagnostic and management challenges. The differential diagnosis is broad because the disorders leading to thrombocytopenia are diverse, with failed production at one extreme and the accelerated destruction at the other. Aims and Objective: To highlight and diagnose thrombocytopenia and investigate the cause of thrombocytopenia in our tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: The present study is retrospective, cross sectional study done on screened 389 thrombocytopenia patients which were came to our hematology lab. All patients of proved thrombocytopenia patients were included in the study over a period of 3 years from May 2013 to April 2016. Pseudo-thrombocytopenia patients were excluded from the study. All these patients were investigated in a systemic manner, causes of thrombocytopenia were ascertained and data was analyzed. Results: The most common affected age group of thrombocytopenia was 3rd decades and 2nd decades respectively with male predominance. The most common cause of thrombocytopenia is anemia, infection, spleenomegaly and alcoholism. Dimorphic anemia, malaria and HIV are the most etiology of anemia and infection respectively. Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia is root cause of abnormal bleeding in many cases. Importance of early and prompt diagnosis of thrombocytopenia is always warranted as treatment differs depending upon the etiology. Thrombocytopenia is multifactorial and a finding that may result from various diseases and clinicopathological approach is important in these cases. Keywords: Thrombocytopenia, Platelets, Etiology, Multifactorial, Clinicopathological.

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Abstract

Kuttner tumor is a rare tumor like lesion of the salivary gland characterized by chronic inflammatory disease of the submandibular salivary gland. It is under diagnosed entity since 1896, when Kuttner reported four cases of chronic sclerosing sialadenitis (Kuttner’s tumor) for the first time. Diagnosis of chronic sclerosing sialadenitis is made only on histopathology; hence it is challenging entity for the clinician as well as for the pathologist in view of its presentation as hard palpable mass and mimics of malignant neoplasm. We report case of 35-yrs- old male presented with left submandibular Kuttner tumor. The aim of the case report is to highlight the role of histopathology in early diagnosis and stress on this rare, under diagnosed tumor mimic. Keywords: Kuttner tumor, Sclerosing, Sialadenitis, Submandibular gland.

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Abstract

Introduction: Toluidine blue staining (TBS) is a practical, rapid, inexpensive and effective adjunct diagnostic tool. TBS method has been extensively used as a vital stain with metachromatic property for mucosal lesions and exfoliative cytology. Aim and Objectives: To see the efficacy of aqueous Toluidine Blue (TB) stained smears in comparison to conventional smears stained with Papanicolaou (Pap) stain of cervicovaginal smears and to reduce the reporting time of smears and also cutting down on the cost. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective cross sectional study on 240 Cervicovaginal smears received in the Dept. of Pathology, ACPM Medical College College, Dhule over a period of 4 months from September to December 2016. All the satisfactory smears as per Bethesda system of reporting were included in the study. The unsatisfactory smears were excluded from the study. Multiple smears from the symptomatic patients were advised. The conventional Pap stain and Aqueous TBS (1%) was performed on the smears received. Cytomorphology of the smears were studied and compared in reference to staining, timing and efficiency of stains. Results: The efficacy of TBS is equally good as conventional Pap staining. The timing is curtailed from average 30 minutes in Pap staining to 3 minutes in TB staining method. The cost per test was also decreased substantially in TB Staining method. The nuclear staining property by TBS is equally good as in Pap staining most of the times, for rapid diagnosis of lesion. Conclusion: The staining properties of TB Stain are similar and equally good as Pap staining method with reduced turnaround time and are cost effective. Hence TB staining method is beneficial for mass screening of cervicovaginal smears in the camps in Indian scenario. Keywords: Toluidine blue, Pap smears, Cervicovaginal smears, Staining.

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