Tanu Agrawal

Abstract

Soft tissue sarcomas are broad group of malignant tumours that arise in tissues like fat, muscle, nerves, fibrous tissue and blood vessels. A variety of non mesenchymal neoplasms like sarcomatoid carcinomas, melanomas and extranodal lymphomas may also mimic soft tissue sarcoma. Diffuse Large BCell Lymphoma is the most common type of Non HodgkinsLymphoma accounting for around 30-40% of cases.DLBCL involving skeletal muscle is extremely rare accounting approximately   Keywords: Soft tissue sarcoma, Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Immunohistochemistry

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Abstract

Placenta percreta is the most invasive form of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) in which there is full thickness invasion of uterine wall by villous tissue through the serosa. Omental deciduosis is a benign transient condition uncommonly encountered during pregnancy. It can mimic granulomatous pathology and various metastatic carcinomas both grossly and microscopically. We report a case of 28 year Rh negative, female, primigravida who presented with amenorrhea since 7.5 months and absent fetal movements since 1 day. Ultrasonography depicted fetus with 33 weeks POG with intrauterine fetal death with breech presentation and severe oligohydramnios. Patient underwent laparotomy and subtotal hysterectomy along with extraction of fetus and omentectomy. Histopathology findings revealed placenta percreta and omental deciduosis. This case is reported as the concomitant existence of both placenta percreta and omental deciduosis in a single primigravida patient is an extremely rare occurrence. Keywords: Placenta percreta, Omental deciduosis, Ectopic deciduosis

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Introduction: p53 is a very commonly mutated gene in colon cancer and the prevalence of p53 mutations in colorectal cancer varies from 40 to 60% in various studies. Molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer commonly involves mutation in p53 gene which leads to expression of p53 protein in tumor cells. Some studies have reported that the presence of p53 mutations in colon cancer indicates a relatively poor prognosis, while other studies have failed to show such a relationship. Observation: The present study was done to study p53 expression in colorectal carcinoma and to correlate it with various pathological factors i.e. tumor size, tumor type, grade of tumor and depth of invasion. Materials and Methods: We studied 38 cases of colorectal carcinoma (29 non mucinous adenocarcinoma and 9 mucinous adenocarcinoma). p53 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between p53 protein overexpression and each variable was evaluated using Chi-square analysis and Fisher Exact test. Results: Positive p53 immunostaining was observed in 58%. p53 expression showed an increasing trend with increasing histological grade and the difference was statistically not significant. p53 overexpression was related to the depth of tumor invasion which was maximum in stage pT4 followed by stage pT3 and stage pT2 and the difference was statistically significant (p value = 0.032). No significant correlation was found between p53 expression and size, type and grade of tumor in colorectal carcinoma. Keywords: p53, Colorectal carcinoma, Immunohistochemistry.

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Introduction: Gall bladder carcinoma accounts for 0.3-0.7% of all cancers and has a peak incidence among women aged 70 and 79 years. Recently many molecular markers like Ki-67, cyclin D1, MUC1 and p53 with prognostic impact on GBC have been described. Ki-67 is a proliferative marker which is expressed in all active phases of the cell cycle and it can be detected in the nucleus of tumour cells indicating its proliferative activity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of Ki-67 in carcinoma of gall bladder by immunohistochemistry and to correlate the mean Ki-67 labelling index with the various histological grades of gallbladder carcinoma. Materials and Methods: All the histopathologically proven cases of gall bladder malignancy from July 2014 to June 2017 (n=44) were examined for Ki-67 expression immunohistochemically.Ki-67 labelling index was calculated. ANOVA test and independent ‘t’ test were applied to see correlation of Ki-67 expression with various grades of gall bladder carcinoma. Results: The Ki-67 labelling index was minimum in well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of gall bladder and maximum in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of gall bladder. The p value amongst these groups was found to be statistically significantly different. Conclusion: 88.64% of Gall bladder carcinoma was positive for Ki-67 and the Ki-67 labelling index increased significantly as the histological grade increased. Keywords:  Ki-67, Ki-67 labelling index, MIB labelling index, Gall bladder carcinoma.

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